1 Overview Yiwu Department Store is located on the west side of Yiwu Civic Square with a building area of ​​45,000 square meters and a building height of 99.8 meters. The first to third floors are large supermarkets, the fourth floor is for dining, the fifth floor is for public service, the sixth to twenty-sixth floor is apartment-style office building, the top floor is elevator machine room, and the basement is car garage, power distribution room, freezer room, pump house and Some supermarket office areas and warehouses.
The supermarket covers an area of ​​about 18,000 square meters and can be described as a large supermarket. According to the relevant information: "Where commercial business area is more than 8,000 square meters is a large supermarket."
2 Lighting Requirements 2.1 Create good visual conditions, ensure adequate illumination and quality of lighting.
2.2 Create a good business atmosphere to attract and induce customers' shopping desires.
2.3 Lighting layout should be flexible to accommodate the incompatibility of lighting due to changes in goods and containers.
2.4 Supermarkets Due to the intensive personnel, the standby lighting that meets the necessary illumination when normal lighting is cut off is used to ensure that normal activities continue and emergency lighting and emergency evacuation lighting are configured. Set advertising lighting and floodlighting as needed.
2.5 According to the different light source types of display products, it is necessary to highlight the changes of color rendering, color temperature and brightness. At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize lighting energy saving, lighting safety lighting, uniformity, softness, no glare, and convenient management and maintenance.
3 Main Indicators At present, the most basic standards for general commercial lighting are specified in the domestic specifications and design manuals. For example, the illumination in the shopping mall is generally 100,500 lux. We believe that this standard is a general standard for all parts of the country. In actual engineering design, the illuminance standard needs to be based on geographical differences, power consumption level, supermarket size, product characteristics and other factors. Have a forward-looking and flexible choice.
For the illumination value of commercial building lighting at home and abroad, see Table 1~3 Table 1 (GBJ133-90) Illumination standard value of store building lighting (extracted category illuminance standard value (lx) low medium and high general K domain 0.75m horizontal plane general storefront counter 1.5m vertical display cabinet on the countertop, window storage, plane indoor market, business hall, 0.75m water level, self-selected shopping mall, business hall, fitting room, fitting position, 1.5m high, vertical surface, collection, collection, countertop warehouse, 0.75m horizontal surface table 2 International Lighting Commission (CIE) Indoor Lighting Guide Recommended Lighting Values ​​(1986) Room, Activity or Assignment Category k Use Illumination Range (lx) in Supermarket Central Stores and Department Stores Any Other Lot Supermarkets and Premium Stores Table 3 UK CIBS indoor lighting specification (excerpt 1984 1 place name illuminance value (lx) indicates that the working illuminance provided by the supermarket and the most advanced market should be on the vertical surface of the display stand. The work illuminance provided by the general inspection table should be displayed on the level of the conveyor belt. Room: The working illumination provided by cars and furniture should be on the floor surface, and it may be important for some products on the vertical surface. The work illumination provided by the self-selected shopping malls of the platform should be based on the norm in the vertical design of the display stand. The measured illuminance data of representative commercial buildings in Shanghai and Hangzhou are used as the basis for the selection of the illuminance of the project. We believe that Illumination of large supermarket lighting is generally controlled between 500 and 750 lux.
The illuminance measured data is shown in Table 4. The color tone of the artificial illumination source in the interior and exterior of the building has different visual effects on people's psychology and physiology. Generally, red, orange and yellow are regarded as warm colors, and the color temperature of the light source is less than 3300K; the blue, green and blue are regarded as cool colors, and the color temperature of the light source is greater than 5000K; in addition, gold, silver, black, white and gray are regarded as neutral tones. The color temperature of the light source is between 3300 and 5000K. The color rendering of the light source is to evaluate the consistency of the color display of the object illuminated by the light source and the illumination of the standard light source under specified conditions, and the degree of difference is expressed by the color rendering index. The color rendering index is used to measure the distortion of the color vision produced by light shining onto an object. The higher the color rendering index of the light source, the better the color rendering and the clearer the object is reflected.
Common light source main performance comprehensive indicators see Table 5 Table 4 illuminance measured data store name lighting indicators Shanghai Hualian Hangzhou Jiayou Supermarket Hangzhou Building West Lake Times Square Shanghai First Yaohan Co., Ltd. Shanghai New World Co., Ltd. light source and lamps flat top ( General lighting) 4x20W/4000K grille lamp uniform 2xl5W shoes PL downlight uniform cloth 3x55W3x36W grille lamp 12V50W cold beam spotlight downlight (150W13WH lamp) 36W warm color fluorescent lamp counter (general + local illumination) 12V50W cold beam shot Light 2xl5WPL Downlight 12V50W Cold Beam Spotlight 12V50W Cold Beam Spotlight Shelf (General + Partial Illumination) 12V50W Cold Beam Spotlight 2xl5WPL Downlight 12V50W Cold Beam Spotlight 12V50W Cold Beam Spotlight 36W Warm Fluorescent Light Walkway (General Lighting) 4x20W/4000K Grid light uniform cold light spotlight 36W fluorescent light 150W simple light measured illuminance counter rental shop 750-950 760 (warm light under the shelf) shelf fresh, freezer 750-950 760 (warm light under) 900 ~ 丨 (under cold light) Aisle lamp installation height (m) flat top, wall, ground color milky white milk (1 color latex paint artificial marble milk white gypsum board milky white marble unit capacity W/m: light source type power (W) color temperature (K) color rendering index Ra ordinary white flag lamp halogen tungsten lamp ordinary straight tube fluorescent lamp ordinary circular fluorescent lamp Philips fluorescent lamp warm color series white series neon color series three primary color fluorescent lamp SL energy saving lamp PL energy saving lamp neon lamp High pressure mercury lamp general type 25 modified type 40-45 high pressure sodium lamp low pressure sodium lamp cold light closed quartz beam spotlight double head quartz halogen lamp metal halide lamp sodium lamp sodium cesium indium lamp xenon lamp tin sodium lamp ceramic metal halide lamp short arc lamp Appropriate is very important. In the general daily necessities store area, the illuminance value should reach 500 ~ 750K lux, and the cold-tone light with fluorescent lighting can meet the functional requirements, and can make customers feel good and clean in this shopping environment. In the boutique clothing, gold and silver diamonds, exquisite handicrafts exclusive area should use general lighting plus local color lighting, and are mainly warm color light source, which can create an elegant and warm shopping atmosphere, especially fresh fish, The warm color light source with high color rendering is applied to the upper part of the meat and frozen food storage cabinet to enable the customer to produce the food stored in the supermarket.
4 Lighting Mode General lighting is called lighting that illuminates the entire site and is evenly arranged to make the entire site horizontally uniform.
The first floor of Yiwu Department Store is a rental unit store, which mainly sells gold and silver jewellery, weddings and costumes, as well as McDonald's, Jiuyi Bowl, coffee house, beauty, bank and photography as auxiliary business areas. In general, the general lighting design is the preferred warm color light source, which adopts the uniform lighting method of the combination of Philips 4X30W/3000K grating fluorescent lamp and 2x 13W/3000KPL energy-saving downlight. Small distribution boxes with meters are reserved in each unit's retail area for local illumination. The local illumination source should use a cold-light sealed quartz halogen lamp with a color temperature of 3200K and 20~50W/12V, and the expected value can reach 950 lux.
The second floor is a general shopping area for daily necessities, tableware, home appliances, bicycles, etc. The lighting source can be used in cold light colors. The lamps are equipped with Philips TLD80 series 2 x36W.5000K double tube fluorescent lamps, which are good for color (Ra=85). The column net is 8x8 meters without ceiling, and there are three uniform strips in each span. The height of the lamp is 3.0 meters. It is arranged vertically with the shelf, and the illumination is soft. In principle, no local illumination can be set. After actual investigation and display of similar exhibits The illuminance of the supermarket can reach 750 lux under the light. There are 650 lux between the light belts and 500 lux in the corridor.
The third floor is fresh aquatic products, frozen fish food, snacks, tonics, and the north and south display area. The general lighting is set up in the same way as the second floor plan. The lamp is made of 2 x 36W/3000K warm-tone light-band double-tube fluorescent lamp, the top of the refrigerator cabinet, and the 36W/3000K single-tube ribbon fluorescent lamp with the same color above the shelf as the local illumination lamp.
At present, some supermarket lighting arrangements are laid along the shelves in parallel, and the author believes that this method is not appropriate. One of them may be caused by the shading of the shelf to cause the installed lamps to be reworked; the second measured illuminance is far less uniform than the vertical arrangement. According to the above two reasons, the author believes that parallel lamps should not be used, but if the shelves are placed against the wall, the lamps can be above the shelves. The outer sides are laid in parallel.
2 Local illumination Local illumination is a lighting method set to meet the special needs of certain parts of a small area. It can only illuminate a limited display area, usually equipped with spotlights in the most suitable direction, thus effectively highlighting the characteristics of the object being illuminated, which has the advantages of flexibility, power saving, and easy assembly and disassembly. For local illumination, 20~50W/12V beam spotlight with specular reflection between 30003200K or color temperature of 4200K can be used for 35W, 70W, 150W ceramic metal halide lamp. The color rendering index Ra is 96, especially suitable for local illumination. It needs high-brightness window lighting along the street.
It is called after the normal lighting has been extinguished due to the failure to continue working or for the safe evacuation of personnel. It includes three types of backup lighting, safety lighting and evacuation lighting. China's GBJ133-90 lighting design standards and CIE indoor lighting guidelines stipulate that the illumination of the standby lighting should not be lower than 10% of the normal illumination of the site. But sometimes it needs to be higher. In the design of this project, the normal lighting in each of the second and third layers is 4/5, and the emergency lighting is 1/5. It is used as part of normal lighting. Safety lighting accounts for 15%, and accident, evacuation and safety exit lighting account for About 5%. Emergency lighting is automatically switched by dual power supply. Accident, evacuation and induced indication lighting are powered by dual power supplies. In addition, cadmium nickel batteries are arranged in the lamps for emergency power supply.
Backup power switching time: China's design standards and CIE indoor lighting guidelines are stipulated that should not exceed 15 seconds, should not exceed 1.5 seconds for industrial sites, 10 seconds for US standards, and 5 to 15 seconds for the United Kingdom. The safety lighting and evacuation switching time should not exceed 0.5 seconds and the duration should be 30 points longer.
Illumination standard for evacuation lighting: China's "Lighting Design Standards" stipulates that its ground level illumination should not be less than 0.5 lux, CIE "Indoor Lighting Guide" and the British "Indoor Lighting Specification" stipulated as 0. 2 lux, US "Building Fire Protection" The Personal Safety Regulations stipulate that it should not be less than 10 lux. When the fluorescent lamp is used as the evacuation illumination, the illumination should be appropriately increased. Japan's "Emergency Lighting Installation Guide" is stipulated as 2 lux, and the US regulations stipulate that the illumination of the surface of the exit sign lamp is 54 lux.
The lighting used by the duty officer to patrol the security observation during non-working hours is called duty lighting. It can utilize part of the normal illumination that can be individually controlled or utilize some or all of the emergency lighting as a duty illumination. In this project, we use accident evacuation lighting and the method of duty lighting.
Floodlighting has a special effect on the appearance of the building. A good floodlighting design should make full use of the intensity changes and color matching of the light, so that the building can be full of brilliance and brilliance. It is a major feature of urban culture. .
Table 6 US building floodlighting recommended illuminance values ​​ambient conditions wall material reflectivity % bright dark very dark recommended average illuminance (lx) bright marble, white or cream tiles, white stucco concrete, shallow Color paint, bright gray or brown yellow limestone, brownish yellow brick dark gray limestone, sandstone, ordinary yellow brown brick very dark ordinary red brick, brown sandstone, black or gray brick. The building is located in the center of the public square, according to The surrounding environment and the characteristics of its own building exterior wall materials, the illumination of the project floodlighting selection of 150 lux. 3x400W/5000K metal halide column lights are arranged every 10 meters around the outdoor outdoor street for floodlighting of one to four façades; the four-story roofing platform is divided into three groups of 3X250W/2200K high pressure sodium lamps as flag-shaped inclined roof Floodlighting.
In the design, floodlighting lamps with different color temperatures are applied to the upper, middle and lower floors of the building. From the simulated night scene renderings, the corridors are clear, the layers are clear, the colors are harmonious, and the effect is good. Floodlighting is uniformly controlled by the building's property management office.
5 Lighting power supply 5.1 Building classification and power supply design GB50045-95 "High-rise civil building design fire protection code" stipulates that the building belongs to a class of high-rise buildings should be designed according to the first-level load power supply requirements, the substation is led by two 10 kV independent power supply The primary load automatically switches power supply at the 0.4 kV low voltage side. (Power supply plan) This article on the "large-scale supermarket lighting design" topic discussed in this article, according to JGJ/T16-92 "Civil Building Electrical Design Code" provisions clearly stated: "large department stores operate a wide variety of goods, turnover, in order to In order to improve the management level, most of them have established an electronic computer management system. In order to reflect the operation status in a timely and accurate manner, the electronic computer system for business management is listed as a particularly important load in the primary load. Due to the large number of customers, to ensure the order of public places, the business hall The lighting in the foyer is listed as a primary load."
The normal lighting power supply system has general lighting and emergency accident lighting; the emergency accident lighting is automatically switched by the low voltage dual power supply. The lighting power supply system adjusts the internal illumination value of the store through the control of the manager.
Each light strip contains normal lighting plus a small portion of spare safety lighting and emergency lighting.
6 lighting energy saving is a basic national policy in China, we must seriously study and implement.
When designing, the illuminance is determined from the actual situation, with reference to the specification, the standard is moderate, the positioning is reasonable, and the pursuit of high standards is avoided. Secondly, high-efficiency, high-color, long-life light source should be used; high-efficiency illuminators should be used. Fluorescent-based light sources in supermarket lighting should use low-power, 篼 power factor, stable performance electronic ballasts or a new generation of composite ballasts, which make up for some of the deficiencies of electronic ballasts and better performance. . In addition, a phase split reactive power automatic compensation device can be used to increase the power factor to achieve energy saving and create a good green lighting environment.
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