The real-time chasing self-inductive streetlight system uses new energy and saves energy. The use of solar energy is getting more and more attention, and the design is applied to solar energy and used for street lamp energy-saving lighting. The streetlight system is interconnected with the mains and has air quality testing and weather conditions. Although most schools have adopted energy-saving lamps, they do not really use energy-saving lighting. Intelligent control can help energy-saving lamps achieve real energy savings. Although the system is designed for the campus, it can also be extended to factories, communities and other places.
2. System design
2.1 Design ideas
The self-generating energy-saving street lamp is designed to store power from the solar power generation device to supply power to the system and communicate with the commercial power. During the day, the street light is off; in the evening, the light is slightly bright, and when the person passes, the light becomes bright. When the person is away from the street light, the brightness is slowly weakened.
The system adds detection functions such as temperature, humidity, smoke, wind direction, wind speed and rain sensation. It also detects the current battery voltage, current and temperature values, and realizes information sharing through wireless transmission equipment, which is convenient for people to understand the external environment and the system. Working conditions.
2.2 System module design
With Atmegal6 as the control core, it contains multi-channel AD conversion, which is fast in operation and meets the design requirements of the scheme.
Solar panel control: After many experiments and calculations, the angle of the sun is turned every half hour in different seasons. The single-chip microcomputer controls the rotation angle of the stepping motor, so that the solar panel is always facing the sunlight. When the night falls, the solar panels are automatically reset.
Simple weather monitoring function: The temperature and humidity sensor, wind speed and direction sensor, and rain sensor are used to detect the weather in the surrounding environment in real time, and then the wireless device transmits the information to the information center.
Street lamp protection and detection function: The voltage and current values ​​of the AD acquisition system are used. The controller monitors the working condition of the system through these values ​​in real time. When there is an overcurrent phenomenon, the power is disconnected and the alarm is sent through the wireless device.
Power switching function: The system will monitor the total power in real time. If the total power is lower than the set value, the controller will automatically switch the power to the mains to maintain normal system operation.
3. Theoretical analysis and calculation
3.1 Solar panel chasing and guiding principle
The observation of the shadow of the street light (3 meters high) at 6-18 in Hefei area calculates the position of the sun every half hour. When the solar panel is working, it charges four sets of batteries, ensuring that the system can still work normally without a long period of sunlight. Because the position and intensity of the sunlight are different in different seasons, the position of the solar panel should be changed in a timely manner, that is, the angle between the solar panel and the ground is changed to achieve the maximum absorption of light energy.
3.2 Principles of battery and solar panel board
Set battery capacity to CB, solar panel demand peak is WP, solar panel working voltage is VS, daily actual discharge time is hd, continuous rainy days are Dr, actual street light power is WB, system voltage is VB, local daylight The time is hr. Considering 20% ​​margin and 20% loss, the battery capacity is:
The power of the solar panel is:
Taking a 10W LED lamp configuration as an example, the system voltage is 12V. The daily average effective light is calculated in 3h, and the daily discharge time is 10 hours (from 7:00 pm to 5:00 pm). The power of the LED lamp is adjusted by the controller at night, and the actual discharge is 6 hours per day. Reduced brightness). Satisfy 7 days of continuous rainy weather (plus one night before the rainy rain, count 8 days). The current I=10W÷12V=0.8333A, and the battery capacity W=I×6h×8d, that is, W=40AH. Considering that the battery charge and discharge reserve 20% capacity, the actual current of the street lamp is above 1A (plus 20% loss, including constant current source, line loss, etc.), the actual battery demand 40AH plus 20% reserved capacity, plus 20% Loss, after calculation, the actual battery capacity is 57.6AH. Therefore, the actual battery is 12V/60AH, so four sets of 12V/15AH batteries are required.
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