Analysis of current situation of China's lighting industry

The special feature of China's lighting industry analysis of Zhu Shaolong I of Fudan University. The lighting and lighting industry has a special status and role in the national economy. It is closely related to the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards. All life and production activities are inseparable from lighting. The rapid development of China's economy in recent years has provided favorable conditions for the development of the lighting electrical industry. Figure 1 shows the growth of China's lighting appliances production in recent years, including domestic sales and exports.

(According to the statistics of 949 enterprises with an output value of more than 5 million yuan), the lighting electrical appliance industry is basically an industry that consumes energy, consumes resources and has labor intensive. Therefore, the production of lighting electrical products in the world is gradually shifting to China. The export volume of lighting appliances has increased year by year. Figure 2 shows the export situation, increasing at a rate of more than 10 per year.

Lighting consumes a lot of power. According to statistics, China's lighting power consumption accounts for about 10% of the country's total power generation, which is about 100 billion degrees. Since energy is a resource that cannot be regenerated, in order to make the national economy develop steadily and continuously, the Chinese government regards energy conservation and power saving as the basic national policy of the country. The National Economic and Trade Commission of China has decided to implement a green lighting project since 1996 to encourage the promotion and use of energy-saving lighting sources and electrical appliances, which has caused great changes in the product structure of lighting appliances. In the case of fluorescent lamps, energy-saving T8 fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) have grown significantly, as shown in Figure 3.

In 1996, the total output of fluorescent lamps was 400 million. In 1998, the total output of fluorescent lamps was 580 million. The Chinese lighting industry is still in the development stage.

Enterprises are mainly small and medium-sized, with a large number and small scale. See Table 1. However, since the implementation of the market economy, the competition of the industry has made the enterprise mature. The scale advantage of large and medium-sized enterprises began to appear. Their products are of high quality, low cost, high labor productivity, and the market share of products is rising. It is expected that there will continue to be a major reorganization of companies in the next few years.

The total annual output value of enterprises is more than 100 million yuan and the annual output value is more than 5 million yuan. Production of lighting sources 1. Ordinary incandescent lamps Ordinary incandescent lamps are still the largest source of illumination, with an annual output of more than 3 billion. Most of the production equipment is produced in China, and a few factories use imported production lines from Hungary or Taiwan. In recent years, foreign-funded enterprises have entered China, and the production capacity of ordinary incandescent lamps is seriously oversupplied, and market competition is fierce. Small-scale, poorly managed companies face elimination. There are 108 ordinary incandescent lamp manufacturers in China, and 41 banks have been bankrupted, merged, converted or discontinued. Table 2 is a table showing the distribution of output of ordinary incandescent lamps.

Among them, four companies with an annual output of more than 100 million ordinary incandescent lamps are GE Jiabao Lighting Co., Foshan Lighting Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Kaicheng Permanent Lighting Appliance Co., and Philips Yaming Lighting Co., Ltd. It can be seen from Table 2 that there are still a large number of SMEs, but they all face certain difficulties.

Annual output of more than 100 million enterprises, annual output of 100 million enterprises, annual output of 100 million enterprises, annual output is less than 30 million, and the number of enterprises is the percentage of total output. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards and the need to expand exports, the varieties of incandescent lamps are required. And improve quality. Demand for products such as white or frosted bulbs, xenon bulbs, and double helix bulbs is increasing.

2. Fluorescent lamps (FL) fluorescent lamps are much more popular than incandescent lamps, and are widely accepted as one of the most important indoor lighting sources. The ratio of fluorescent lamp production to incandescent lamps is on the rise. In 1994, the ratio of fluorescent lamp production to incandescent lamps was about 1:7, and by 1998 it had become about 1:5. In 1998, the annual output of fluorescent lamps was about 480 million, of which T8 accounted for 18, reaching 85 million, compact fluorescent lamps accounted for 56, reaching 270 million, and the proportion of energy-saving fluorescent lamps increased, while the actual output of traditional T12 fluorescent lamps was decreasing. , see Figure 3.

The production equipment for straight tube fluorescent lamps T12/T10 is mainly domestic equipment and nine equipment imported from Europe, Japan and Taiwan in the 1980s. The T8 production line was introduced in recent years, mainly in the production line of Taiwan or a joint venture company. Among them, Feidong Lighting Company has four Philips production lines, East China Electronics has four Taiwan lines, GE Jiabao has a horizontal Hungarian line, Boai Yaxing Fluorescent Lamp Factory has a Taiwan line, Matsushita Image Tube Company has a Panasonic line, and Foshan Lighting Company has five Taiwanese lines. Line, Yizheng Xinguang Lighting Company 2 Taiwan Line, Foshan Osram Lighting Company 2 Osram Line.

The annual output is about 0.1 billion. The annual output is about 0.05 million. The number of enterprises below the total output is compact. The development speed of compact fluorescent lamps is amazing. It has been from nothing until more than ten years. At present, China has become the world's largest producer. 4, of which about 50 are exported abroad.

The production equipment of compact fluorescent lamps is mainly domestic single-machine equipment. The automatic equipment introduced from abroad and Taiwan, except for the Sino-foreign joint ventures, is in good working condition, most of them are on hold. At present, with the expansion of production scale, many companies are considering introducing production equipment from abroad. At present, the production mode of enterprises is basically labor-intensive and consumes a large amount of labor, so SMEs account for a large proportion, as shown in Table 4.

High-intensity gas discharge lamps (HID) In ​​the past, high-intensity gas discharge lamps were mainly used for outdoor lighting. In recent years, low-power lamps have also been used for indoor lighting. But the quantity is not big. China's total output of high-intensity discharge lamps is about 28.2 million, of which high-pressure mercury lamps account for more than 70, as shown in Figure 5. The output of high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps is still small.

The export volume of high-intensity gas discharge lamps is also increasing year by year. See Figure 6. Most of the high-intensity discharge lamps exported are high-pressure mercury lamps.

The production scale of high-pressure mercury lamp enterprises is relatively large. Ming Company and Philips Yaming Lighting Company have the largest output, with an annual output of more than 4 million.

The output of high-pressure sodium lamps is around 6 million, and the main production equipment is imported from the United Kingdom and the United States. The production equipment of other small-scale enterprises is domestically produced, and its production distribution is shown in Table 6.

Among them, Philips Yaming Lighting Company, Nanjing Electronic Tube Factory and Shenyang Huaguang Bulb Factory have the largest output, with an annual output of more than 800,000.

(The total output is 19 million pieces) The annual output is more than 4 million pieces. The annual output is about 1 million. The annual output is less than 1 million. The total output is about 6 million. The annual output is 800,000. The annual output is 800,000. The following companies account for about 10,000 metal halide lamps per year. 11 production lines were introduced from the United States and South Korea, of which Philips Yaming Lighting Co., Ltd. produced the largest output, and other production lines have not yet fully played its role. The rest of the small enterprises that use domestically produced manual equipment are relatively backward in technology.

4. Automobile lights The main lamps include headlights, taillights, instrument lights, etc. The annual output is about 600 million. Among them, Foshan Lighting Co., Foshan Osram Lighting Co., Ltd. and Philips Auto Lighting Hubei Co., Ltd. ), Anyang Bulb Factory, Baoji North Lighting Electric Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang Jinxiang Lighting Appliance Co., etc., accounting for about 40% of the national output.

III. Future trends in the lighting appliance industry 1. Due to the national energy conservation policy and the general improvement of people's energy conservation awareness, energy-saving light sources will be further developed. The ratio of ordinary incandescent lamps to fluorescent lamps has changed from about 7:1 in 1993 to the current 5:1. It is estimated that the proportion will be further reduced in the future. The proportion of T8 fluorescent lamps and compact fluorescent lamps in fluorescent lamps is also increasing year by year, and the speed is very fast, indicating that energy-saving products have been accepted by more and more people, and energy-saving light sources have broad prospects.

2. China has been transformed from a planned economy into a market economy, and commodities have also changed from a seller's market to a buyer's market. Products are no longer in short supply, and popular products will be surplus in the short term, so price competition is fierce. Only companies with high quality, low price, good brand, and a large amount of advertising can win. Large-scale, well-managed companies and multinational corporations have absolute advantages in this regard. It is expected that lighting companies will be further concentrated in the next century.

3. Due to the globalization of the economy, lighting enterprises are relatively labor-intensive industries. China is a developing country with abundant labor resources. Therefore, foreign lighting companies are gradually shifting to China. At the same time, China’s labor costs and raw material costs are low, and domestic lighting products are The price has a big advantage. In order to occupy the market, foreign products are commissioned by domestic companies to produce, and then use their brands to market. This practice is quite common and can be expected to expand further in the future.

4. China is a country with a population of 1.2 billion and has a huge potential market. Multinational lighting group companies have entered China and now have a large market share. But they look to the future and continue to invest in expanding production. For example, T8 fluorescent lamps are over-supplied in the domestic market. There are 4 existing T8 production lines in excess of Philips. The estimated annual output is over 20 million. They plan to introduce 5 production lines in the next two years, indicating that it is optimistic about China's potential market prospects.

Cross-border cooperation meets new challenges as the US Massachusetts Pudong High-Tech (Information) Industrial Park, jointly established by Massachusetts and the Pudong New Area of ​​the United States, unveiled the Pudong Airport Town, the US Governor of Massachusetts What? Serusi announced the establishment of Harmony Lighting Company in the United States by the EFI Company of Massachusetts and Shanghai Luxiang Technology Co., Ltd. in the Pudong Shangri-La Hotel, Pudong, Shanghai. Shanghai Luxiang Technology Co., Ltd. has the advantages of high-tech industry in intellectual property and information, technology, production, management and trade. The US EFI company has long been engaged in the promotion of green lighting source products, and has advanced experience in leveraging energy-saving products and leveraging the advantages of a strong sales network. This strong cooperation is committed to the development and marketing of energy efficient lighting products to protect the interests of consumers, to save energy and protect the ecological environment.

Shanghai Luxiang Technology Co., Ltd. (GFL) gives full play to the group's role, based on scientific and technological innovation, technical information as the advantage, export market-oriented, unified organization of member companies and their cooperative companies (including Shanghai Luxiang Lighting Co., Ltd., Shanghai Green Xiang Lighting Co., Ltd., Shanghai Luxiang Technology Suzhou Branch and Hong Kong GFL Co., Ltd., etc., carry out close economic and technical cooperation and operate with uniform technical specifications. The company has a number of international and domestic energy-saving lamps patent technology. After the first development of spiral energy-saving fluorescent lamps in China, the company launched the rare-earth compact energy-saving fluorescent vertical lamp in 1997. Shanghai Luxiang Technology Co., Ltd. has taken a gratifying step in cross-border cooperation and optimization of the combination through the new action mode. In the future, this action mode will be further improved and more economic and social benefits will be created.

The cooperation between China GFL Company and EFI Company of the United States can further promote the promotion of a new generation of rare earth energy-saving lighting products and their application technologies, and bring substantial benefits and sustainable development to the two companies in China and the United States. Massachusetts' leading position in environmental protection technology and its promotion and sales channels in the eastern United States will greatly contribute to the improvement of China's rare earth energy-saving lighting products technology, in order to meet the US Energy Star standards, obtain subsidies for energy-saving products, and successfully enter the United States. market. This will not only benefit the deepening of the global green lighting project, but also help to promote the quality of China's lighting products to the international advanced level.

Harmony Lighting Company develops a strategy to develop the US market based on the low cost and high added value of Chinese products, will introduce more attractive green lighting products in a more advanced way, and provide direct after-sales service to expand the market. And timely access to market information and quality feedback, especially after China's accession to the WTO, will further promote the global development of the green lighting industry.

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