With the development of medical technology, ECG monitors are widely used in the monitoring of clinical conditions. By observing the physiological parameters monitored by it, in addition to providing reasonable and objective basis for medical staff, early detection of disease changes and prevention of complications It has played an important guiding role, allowing medical staff to take effective treatment measures and treatments for patients with changing conditions faster and better, so as to ensure the safety of patients.
It is also because this kind of equipment facilitates the monitoring of the patient's condition by the medical staff, and the treatment of the patient can be more rapid and effective. Therefore, it is widely used in various hospitals. Engineers in the medical electronics industry may have a good understanding of this aspect of knowledge, and some may know a little about it, including what is the ECG monitor, its basic principles, working principle, correct use steps, precautions for use, etc. Below we learn about this kind of equipment in depth from its basic principles and usage steps.
What is an ECG monitor?
What is an ECG monitor? It is a kind of monitor and its important application (what is the monitor). As a device commonly used in hospitals, it can accurately test and measure the physiological parameters such as electrocardiogram, respiration, blood pressure, body temperature and pulse of the patient. Practical medical equipment. It is intuitive to display the data that needs to be detected and monitored on the display for the hospital staff to judge and treat the patient's patient. Each physiological parameter that can be monitored generally sets the safety value for its reference and comparison. If the actual value of the patient is not within the safe value, it will automatically alarm.
ECG monitor principle
(1) Basic components of the system:
(A) cathode ray oscilloscope
(B) ECG recorder
(C) Pressure monitor
(D) Respiratory monitor
(E) body temperature monitor
(F) computer processing system composition
The ECG activity is transmitted to the processor via the ECG lead, and the blood pressure is transmitted to the processor via the pressure sensor. Respiratory activity caused by exhalation and inhalation changes the thoracic resistance. The ECG leads and the ECG activity are simultaneously transmitted to the processor. The processor amplifies the electrical signal from the patient and converts it into a waveform output and digital signal after being processed by the microcomputer. The output is displayed on the screen of the cathode ray oscilloscope by the photoelectric display system, and its working principle is an important reference for the design of the electrocardiograph.
(2) Structure and principle of portable remote ECG monitor
It is mainly composed of four key modules: ECG signal front-end acquisition and conditioning module, ECG signal processing and storage module, data display module and remote transmission control module. The system function structure is shown in the figure. The hardware platform adopts CycloneII 2C35 FPGA chip, and adopts SOPC technology to integrate NiosII soft core processor, memory, function interface and extended I/O port on one FPGA chip, peripherally expand ECG data acquisition board, network, LCD screen, Hardware such as touch screen/keyboard and SD memory card realizes the hardware architecture of the system, and has an expandable I/O interface for future system function upgrade and expansion.
Portable remote ECG monitor structure and schematic
(3) Structure and principle of portable ECG monitor
System hardware modules mainly include: signal conditioning circuits (amplifiers, bandpass filters, notch filters), embedded processors and peripheral circuits (A/D conversion, Flash ROM and SDRM extensions, LCD LCD and keyboard modules, Ethernet) Module) two major parts. Its structure and schematic are as follows:
Portable remote ECG monitor structure and schematic
The ECG signal is collected from the left and right arms of the person through a dedicated electrode, and then sent to the signal conditioning circuit, which is first amplified by the preamplifier, filtered by the high-pass filter to remove the DC signal and the low-frequency baseline interference, and then amplified by the post-stage amplifier. The filter further filters out the 50HZ power frequency interference, and obtains the required ECG signal through the low-pass filter, and sends it to the ADC through the analog signal input terminal for high-precision A/D conversion. We also introduced a right leg drive circuit and a lead-off detection circuit in the circuit.
ECG monitor use steps
(1) ECG monitoring
At present, the electrocardiogram lead wire telegraph color has been standardized to reduce confusion, and the positive, negative and ground poles are placed as shown in the figure.
(2) Pressure monitoring In order to get the correct data and waveform, the following operations must be performed.
(A) The sensor placement position is equivalent to the right atrial level
(B) The zeroing step, each model has a zero button.
(C) The entire pressure measuring tube is filled with heparin saline to prevent blockage of blood clots, and the duct system must not contain air bubbles.
(D) Rinse regularly with heparin saline or with a micropump at 2 ml/h to keep the tubing open.
(2) The operating procedures are as follows:
(A) Connect the ECG monitor power supply.
(B) Place the patient in a supine or semi-recumbent position.
(C) Turn on the main switch.
(D) Wipe the skin of the patient's chest with the saline cotton ball.
(E) Attach the electrode piece, connect the ECG lead wire, and the electrocardiogram appears on the screen.
(F) Attach the cuff to the two horizontal fingers on the elbow. Press Measure - Set Alarm Limit - Measure Time.
Conclusion
With the development of modern medical technology and current medical monitoring technology, ECG monitors have become an indispensable instrument in medical electronic instruments. They play an increasingly important role in hospitals. It is easy to view and record, can monitor physiological parameters, applicable range and wide range of features, and has received much attention in medical treatment applications.
With the development of China's medical industry and the reform of the medical industry, the state has paid more and more attention to the improvement of medical technology and medical level, and the utilization rate of various medical equipment is better and the performance requirements are better. It gives the medical electronics industry the opportunity to grow and expand, and it also poses great challenges, bringing the challenges of electronic engineers engaged in the development of medical electronic devices and devices. ECG monitors are just one of many medical devices, and learning relevant knowledge can expand knowledge and level.
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