The so-called "nightscape lighting" refers to outdoor lighting space or night illumination of the landscape in addition to stadiums, construction sites and outdoor security lighting. With the continuous enrichment of urban nightlife, nightscape lighting has gradually become an important part of urban construction. Therefore, relevant staff should pay attention to the design and construction of night lighting, and continue to do a good overall planning and design, thus providing excellent guidance for night lighting construction.
1 Design basis and principle
1.1 Design basis
The design basis is "Design Specification for Low Voltage Distribution" (GB 50054-95), "Design Specification for Power Supply and Distribution System" (GB 50052-95), "Electrical Design Code for Civil Buildings" (JGJ/T 16-92), "Civil Architectural Lighting Design Standards (GBJ 133-90) and Building Lightning Protection Design Codes (GB 50259-96), as well as related atlases, design materials provided by the construction unit, and CCE publications on night lighting.
1.2 Design principles
Design principles include the following six aspects: 1 artistic goals. Including the basic points and starting points of the design. 2 Comply with relevant technical specifications, regulations and standards. 3 It has operability and achievability, and the effect diagram should basically match the actual effect. 4 focus, distinctive personality, not general. 5 Try to cancel the pole of the floodlight. Other lamps should also be installed in a concealed manner, so that you can see the light. 6 control light pollution, pay attention to energy conservation.
2 design procedure
Obeying the design procedures, mastering the design rules and accumulating design experience is an important guarantee for the design of night lighting. For night lighting projects, regardless of their size, they must be designed according to the design procedures to ensure the quality.
3 Design concepts and design points
3.1 Firmly establish the concept of "people-oriented"
Night lighting is an organic combination of human and natural landscapes, which can create beautiful, harmonious, warm, casual and entertaining light environment, creating a nightscape that is fascinating; night lighting is to beautify the city, enrich the city night life and create a city image. Important, and lighting can interpret the culture, construction and civilization of a city.
3.2 Using clever design techniques to shape cultural connotations
When shaping cultural connotations, we should pay attention to the following four aspects: 1 capture the performance points of architectural art. Choose the right luminaires and light sources to create an elegant nightly effect of architectural art. 2 capture the performance points of the natural landscape. Pay attention to the aesthetic design of the ecology and express the natural beauty of the ecology. 3 pay attention to protect and reflect the local humanities. 4 Commercial lighting should highlight the bustling commercial atmosphere, create shopping opportunities, and highlight store logos, trademarks and display windows.
4 night lighting design
4.1 Selection of lamps
The lamps commonly used in night lighting and their application range are shown in Table 1.
4.2 Selection of lighting objects
4.2.1 Building flood lighting design
In the floodlighting design of buildings, attention should be paid to the following six aspects: 1 Fully understand the characteristics, functions, exterior decoration materials, local cultural features and surrounding environment of the building, and design a more complete design scheme based on the design concept. And effect diagram; 2 select the appropriate luminaire and light distribution characteristic curve; 3 select the appropriate light source color temperature and light color according to the material of the building; 4 because the glass curtain material is not reflective, the design can adopt internal light transmission or construction Professionally cooperate with the power supply in the lap joint of the glass, and use the small point light source to make the decorative illumination of the façade; 5 illuminance calculation commonly used is the unit volume method, the light-pass method and the point-by-point calculation method; When night lighting is not done, power lines should be reserved indoors, outside and at appropriate locations on the facade, roof and glass curtains, thus creating convenient conditions for the secondary design of night lighting.
4.2.2 Environmental night lighting
In the ambient night lighting, you should skillfully use the light to reshape the charm of art to create an elegant, harmonious and warm nightlife.
4.3 Lighting distribution lines and control design
4.3.1 Problems in the distribution line
The problems in the distribution line include the following six types: 1 The setting of the circuit breaker does not match the line load. If the setting value is too large and the wire cross section is too small, it will not function as a protection circuit and lighting fixtures, and it will not be able to effectively trip during an accident. 2 Lighting fixtures do not have protective measures for grounding. 3 Line laying and installation of lighting fixtures are not required to comply with the relevant specifications, regulations and standards. 4 control mode is monotonous. Some small roads do not even have a connection contactor, and the manual circuit breaker is used, which is inconvenient and unsafe to operate. 5 The outdoor distribution box is not protected from rain, corrosion and safety. 6 Lightning protection measures are not taken for the lighting fixtures and lines of high-rise buildings. The lighting design seems simple, but it is actually a high-tech discipline. The high-quality design must be completed by professional lighting designers and professional electrical designers. The important buildings also need the cooperation and guidance of the architects. Only in this way can we make excellent lighting projects.
4.3.2 Selection of control methods
Lighting control is an important part of the night lighting project. With the development of science and technology, the lighting control technology has undergone qualitative changes, which has evolved from manual control in the past to today's intelligent control. There are three types of control methods commonly used in lighting engineering.
4.3.2.1 Manual control mode
The manual control method is realized by the switching components of the distribution circuit, and is mainly used in small and non-essential lighting projects. It is characterized by low investment, simple wiring, manual operation of the switch lights, monotonous lighting changes and unfavorable power saving.
4.3.2.2 Automatic control mode
The automatic control mode is mainly used in large and medium-sized lighting projects. Its characteristic is that the switch lights do not need manual operation and on-duty. The automatic control program can be set at one time, which can realize the change control of the light and the energy-saving control. Usually, the illumination control and time are adopted. Control and simple program control.
4.3.2.3 Intelligent control method
The intelligent control method represents the organic combination of computer technology and communication network technology. It is characterized by a large investment and is mainly used in large and medium-sized and important lighting projects. At present, there are many combinations of products and control methods, no matter which technology is adopted, the purpose of intelligent control can be achieved. As an independent subsystem, the intelligent control system in night lighting should adopt the international standard communication interface and protocol text to be incorporated into the regional network, urban network system or building control network system to realize mutual mutual system and subsystem. monitor. Specifically, the intelligent lighting control has the following characteristics: control adjustment of lighting combination change and illuminance change can be realized; power saving control can be realized, and the mode and time of turning on the light can be set according to environmental illuminance change and activity arrangement; standard communication is provided Interface and protocol texts can realize network connection control of LAN and urban network; monitor various parameters of online work; monitor fault status and analyze fault causes; flexible system structure, easy modification and expansion; improve management level and reduce labor strength.
4.3.3 Safety and grounding
The safety of night scenes and ambient lighting should be highly valued. There have been many electric shock and casualties in China. Unreasonable design and construction are not the main cause of accidents. Article 5.1.9 of the “Urban Road Lighting Design Standards†(GJJ 45-91) stipulates that metal lighting equipment such as accessible metal poles and distribution boxes are required to be protected from grounding. The grounding resistance should be <10 Ω; According to the provisions of 4.4.11 of the Electrical Design Code (GB 50054-95), the operational characteristics of the ground fault protection of the distribution line of the TT system shall be in accordance with Raxla ≤ 50 V. According to the requirements of the specification, outdoor lighting fixtures should be provided with ground fault protection. For the practice, please refer to the relevant standard atlas.
For the lighting grounding protection system, no matter which grounding protection method is adopted, it should meet the requirements in the specifications and standards. When determining the resistance value of the protective earthing, read the relevant information.
5 recommendations
The specific improvement suggestions are as follows: 1 The night lighting of the new building should be designed synchronously with the building. After review and approval by the relevant parties, the completion and acceptance of the building should be completed at the same time; 2 The power distribution design of the night lighting should be implemented by professionals; 3 The installation of night lighting design shall strictly abide by relevant national standards, regulations and standards, and establish a construction supervision, inspection and acceptance system; 4 shall adopt the power-saving control mode and various scene control methods; 5 shall have the conditions for network connection control; 6 Use products with high technology content, mature technology and high quality; 7 For lamps with high power, please pay attention to the prohibition of flammable materials or fire and heat insulation measures when installing; 8 maintain and manage.
6 Conclusion
In summary, night lighting design is a systematic project, and it is also an important facility that the city urgently needs. Therefore, we must combine the actual situation of the region, the overall planning, step by step implementation, embody the advanced design concept in the implementation, and carefully design and standardize the construction to promote and guarantee the design and construction of night lighting.
references
[1] Zhu Hong. Thoughts on Some Problems in Lighting Design of Buildings at Night[J]. Building Electric, 2007(03).
[2] Mu Xilian. Discussion on the design points of park night lighting [J]. Intelligent Building and City Information, 2013 (02).
Barrier Strip Connector ,Barrier Type Terminal Block ,Dual Row Terminal Block ,Barrier Terminal
Cixi Xinke Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.cxxinke.com