Speaker life and maintenance

First, how long is the life of the speaker, this is a problem that many people care about. Normal use should say that there is absolutely no problem for 15 years. If it is maintained well, the time will be even longer, such as Sanxian Brother, your pair of Jinlang 907Be, as long as it is maintained Well, there will never be any problem for you to use for 20 years. I have used N pairs in my self-made speakers for more than 15 years, and they are still in normal use. But why are some speakers damaged after several years of use? This has a great relationship with the use and maintenance. Let me briefly describe the related issues related to speakers:

The speaker is mainly composed of a speaker unit, a frequency divider, a cabinet, an inverted phase hole, a binding post, and a wire. From a maintenance perspective, the first three items are the main items, and the last three items are the secondary items.
1. Speaker unit. The main structure of the speaker unit is composed of a choke, a sound basin, a fixed core support piece, a magnetic circuit (including magnets, T irons, voice coils), a basin frame, etc., which affects the life of the speaker. It is the choke and the cone. Choke: The life order of choke material is cloth edge, rubber-plastic composite edge, silicone rubber edge, foam edge ... The foam side is more susceptible to damage (for example, JBL has a LX series speaker). Due to the use of the foam side speaker unit, it breaks in almost 3-5 years of normal use and is almost scrapped. I helped my friend repair N such speakers. Without exception, the foam fold ring is damaged. Of course, the different material composition and manufacturing process of the foam edge will have different lifespans. Secondly, it is necessary to count the silicone rubber edge. The original domestic "Fei Le" bass likes to use this choke. Its shortcomings are that if the process is improper, the time is long, it is easy to aging and produce inert deformation and moire, which affects the use. Nowadays, loudspeaker manufacturers still widely use silicone rubber chokes and rubber-plastic chokes.
The choke that greatly prolongs the life of the speaker unit is the cloth-edge choke. Most of it is used in professional speakers, but it is also used in civilian products, such as the 12-inch woofer YD315-8b produced by Nanjing. Cloth chokes.
2. Sound cone. In the use of the speaker unit, the sound basin adopts a variety of material forms: its bulletproof cloth, fiber braided basin, PP basin, mica polypropylene basin, aluminum magnesium alloy basin and other problems are not big, mainly paper-based or paper-based Compound pots, due to the presence of protein fibers, are almost inevitably eroded by mold in the southern wet areas, that is, our common mold spots and white spots cause headaches. The sound of this kind of basin is soft and thick, and it is favored by the speaker factory. Such as "JBL" in the United States, "Wafa" in Denmark, and "Sias" in Norway have produced a large number of paper-based or paper-based composite speaker units, so how to maintain, especially for high-end speakers Maintenance is highly concerned by enthusiasts.
3. Basin stand: There are two kinds of materials widely used in the basin stand, namely, thin metal stamping basin stand and aluminum basin stand, and of course there are other materials, such as nylon plastic basin stand (Aopu 802 and Xiya H545) are Use this kind of pot rack. Most imported and domestic high-end speaker units use aluminum basin racks, which have high strength and excellent seismic performance, and are much better than ordinary stamped iron basin racks. But the small-diameter unit doesn't matter. There are also centering brackets (i.e., yellow plates) that are all linen products produced through a special process. As long as they are not degummed, there is nothing to say.
4. Magnets: Magnets are almost maintenance-free, but over time there will be a little demagnetization, but the effect on the overall performance is not large, at most the sensitivity is a bit reduced, only minimal, and the anti-magnetic horn is better than the normal non-magnetic case Much better.

Second, how to maintain the speaker and speaker unit, I tell you the experience of maintenance over the years:

1. The cabinet is best made of logs. High wear-resistant, high-strength paint products for exterior decoration are better, but relatively rare; most are made of high-density machine board exterior wood grain paper or veneer (if the exterior is not painted) , It is recommended to repaint N times). The location should be in a dry room, avoid direct sunlight as much as possible, and never put it in a humid place to prevent the high-density machine board from swelling due to moisture, which is troublesome. And the speaker should not be left unused for a long time. It should be used at least 1-3 times a month, more than one hour each time, otherwise it will cause a lot of troubles, such as static fatigue of materials, leakage of non-polar electrolytic capacitors in the frequency divider, etc. If it affects normal work, it will affect its life.
2. Maintenance of the speaker unit, (whether it is in the cabinet or a newly purchased speaker unit.)
(1) Carefully remove the speaker unit in the finished box, be careful, and mark the position of the box body and the speaker with an oil-based pen, so as to reset and install after maintenance.
(2) Prepare a box of imported car wax (used on imported brand cars) and evenly apply it to the upper and lower two layers of T iron on the magnetic steel. Generally, this T iron is made of iron galvanized products. It must be treated in such a way that the wax is attached to it. Do not wipe it off to prevent it from being rusted for N years.
(3) The two parabolic braided soft copper wires from the speaker unit to the terminal must be coated with wax, and use your fingers to make it back and forth evenly, and do not wipe it off to prevent the time from being long. Blackening becomes less elastic and affects work.
(4) If there are white spots on the paper-based or paper-based composite basin, please use a medical alcohol cotton ball and carefully wipe it from the back (the alcohol cotton ball should be twisted half dry and half wet, not too wet, and it will not seep The surface of the cone). If there are moldy white spots on the surface, you can only use 40-45 ° warm water, add some hand sanitizer shampoo, wring clean with a soft soft towel dipped in water, master it properly, do not wipe it repeatedly. Never use alcohol or other volatile organic solutions.
(5) After the high-end speakers are burnt through (usually 1-3 months), use it for a period of time, about half a year to about a year, then remove the mid-bass unit on the speaker (do not move the treble) and rotate Reinstall it at 180 degrees (the first maintenance has been marked, this time you only need to install it upside down) to make the horn more balanced under the influence of its own gravity, and check if there is any need for wax supplements. Make up if necessary.
(6) Maintenance of the crossover. First look at the frequency divider, there is only the capacitor connected in series in the frequency divider and leading to the tweeter, is it a high-quality MKP frequency dividing capacitor (general capacity and withstand voltage is 2.2-6.8uf / 100-400v , Depending on the crossover point, the capacity is different), if it is used, then do not move, otherwise, you must replace it with a high-quality MKP crossover capacitor. Brands such as "Suren" in France, "Weimar" in Germany, or "MIT" in the United States can guarantee the reproduction of the sound, and it is not easy to damage the tweeter because of the small leakage current.
After the frequency divider is modified, use car wax to apply a layer of wax evenly on the reverse side of the printed board. Or if there are conditions, it is best to use a quick-drying insulating varnish to brush twice, this effect will be better. My self-made frequency divider uses the method of brushing the quick-drying insulating varnish, two degrees is enough to prevent the oxidation of copper. Green patina and blackening.
The above is only personal maintenance experience. For those who lack hands-on experience, we must pay attention to it, especially when dismantling imported speakers, in addition to the special tools required to remove the screws, the actual operation requirements are quite high. It is best to disassemble Sometimes two people work together. In short, if the speakers are used properly and properly maintained, there is no problem for 15 years or more.
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