With the popularity of fiber-to-the-home, there is no longer a bottleneck in network bandwidth. Advances in technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and cloud computing can develop applications based on the benefits of IoT information. For example, smart water meters can effectively monitor water meter leakage in real time. The smart meter can be used for remote meter reading and does not require manual door-to-door reading. These are simple and straightforward applications that increase efficiency and reduce costs. Other smart medical, smart parking, smart city and other applications will be carried out on a large scale. The smart city proposed by IBM, the smart earth, is intended to be the popular expression of the Internet of Things.
For the first time in 2017, the number of connections of simple objects will exceed the connection of people into a new connection form, which is an important turning point for reshaping communication networks, operations, services and services. The trend of the Internet of Everything has led to the development of the low-power WAN industry. Huawei Technologies expects that the number of low-power WAN connections will account for 90% of the total number of IoT connections by 2020.
The Internet of Things is characterized by a large number of connected terminals. In the future, terminals of the trillion level can be connected to the Internet, and the number of mobile terminals is not an order of magnitude.
IoT benefit board and speculation direction - chips, sensors, IoT communication modules, IoT operation platforms, etc. The core of the Internet of Things is the new value of business application innovation, which needs to be supported by new operating platforms and operating models. The platform and application layers will occupy most of the profits.
1. Overview of the Internet of Things Industry
(1) The definition of Internet of Things and its strategic significance
The Internet of Things is defined as a network that connects any item to the Internet through an information sensing device and exchanges information and communicates to realize intelligent identification, location, tracking, monitoring and management. Since the concept of the Internet of Things was put forward, governments or institutions in various countries have continuously expanded and enriched their connotations in research and practice.
The Internet of Things has set off the third revolutionary wave of the information industry, represented by vehicle networking, smart grid, smart home, security monitoring, mobile payment, smart wear, telemedicine and other application areas, providing greater convenience for people's lives and improving public services. Resource allocation efficiency, and even change the way of daily life.
The Internet of Things is also closely related to Industry 4.0, which will promote the transformation of traditional production methods into green, intelligent and low-carbon, from rigid production methods to flexible production methods, and significantly improve production efficiency.
Faced with the economic dilemma caused by the international financial crisis in recent years and the historical opportunities that the new round of technological revolution may bring, governments in developed countries have carried out the strategic layout of the Internet of Things, and began to re-examine the strategic position of the real economy and manufacturing industry, aiming at major integration. Innovative technology research and development and application, looking for a new round of growth momentum, in order to grasp the future international economic and technological competition initiative.
(2) IoT hierarchy structure and key development links
The Internet of Things is an extension of the current communication network and the Internet. From the perspective of architecture, the Internet of Things can be divided into a sensing layer, a network layer and an application layer to form a huge industrial chain system.
All levels have a very important position in the development of the Internet of Things industry. The sensing layer is the basic physical network for the Internet of Things to perceive, identify and collect information in the real world; the network layer is an important supporting network cluster that realizes seamless connection and comprehensive coverage of the Internet of Things, and is responsible for identifying the sensing layer. The collected data information is transmitted to the application layer at a high rate, low loss, safe and reliable mission, and can well resist external interference and illegal intrusion; the main function of the application layer is to carry various applications and promote the transformation of its results.
The next phase of China's Internet of Things development aims to improve the IoT industry chain, focusing on the core areas of hardware, software, system integration, operations and services closely related to the IoT industry chain, and strive to create sensor nodes, network access, and data. Key products and solutions such as transmission, operating system, and system integration to achieve breakthroughs in key links in the industry chain. 
2. Overview of the development of the global Internet of Things industry
(1) Developed countries grasp the opportunity of the development of the Internet of Things and actively carry out strategic layout
1) The US Internet of Things focuses on the construction of an advanced manufacturing system based on the Industrial Internet. In the United States, since IBM introduced the concept of “Smart Earth†in 2009, many typical intelligent solutions under the “Smart Earth†framework have begun globally. Promotion, "Smart Earth" has also become the goal of the US government. The "US Economic Recovery and Reinvestment Law", which was issued in 2010, totals 787 billion dollars.
According to the White Paper on Internet of Things (2016) released by China Information and Communication Research Institute, according to statistics from the first half of 2016, US Internet of Things spending will increase from US$232 billion this year to US$357 billion in 2019. The annual growth rate reached 16.1%. The US Department of Commerce, the Presidential Administration Office, the National Science and Technology Committee, and the Advanced Manufacturing Country Project Office jointly submitted the first National Manufacturing Innovation Network Annual Report and Strategic Plan to Congress in early 2016, hoping to reshape the United States with advanced network technology foundations. The leading edge of manufacturing. In June 2016, the Smart Manufacturing Innovation Center, the ninth manufacturing innovation center jointly established by the US Department of Energy and the University of California, Los Angeles, was established in Los Angeles. Federal agencies and non-federal agencies each invested $70 million in Focus on the development, deployment and application of smart sensors, data analysis and system control.
2) The EU tries to create a new strategy for the open-loop Internet of Things from the outside and inside
Indirectly acting on the industry as a whole by constructing and improving the external ecological environment, and striving to achieve a single IoT market, a thriving IoT ecosystem, and a “person†proposed in the “EU Digital Single Market Strategy (DSM)â€. The center of the Internet of Things approach. The European Union has rebuilt the Internet of Things Innovation Alliance (AIOTI) in 2015 and established the Internet of Things Innovation Platform (IOT-EPI) in 2016. At the same time, the EU has invested nearly 200 million Euros in the Internet of Things through the “Horizon 2020†R&D program, building an IoT platform that connects smart objects, and launching Internet of Things horizontal actions to promote IoT integration and platform research and innovation, especially focusing on automatic networks. Large-scale demonstration and application in five aspects, such as Lianhe, smart city, smart wearable device, intelligent agriculture and food safety, and smart pension, hope to build a large-scale open-loop IoT ecosystem.
3) Japan, South Korea, Russia and other countries continue to increase the promotion of the Internet of Things
In 2016, the Japanese Internet of Things market will reach 6.2 trillion yen, and by 2020 it will reach 13.8 billion yen. The IoT Promotion Alliance, which is composed of more than 2,000 domestic and foreign companies under the guidance of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, signed a memorandum of cooperation with the US Industrial Internet Alliance (IIC) and the German Industry 4.0 platform in October 2016. I hope that the United States and Japan will jointly promote the cooperation of the Internet of Things standards. South Korea has chosen nine national innovation projects, including artificial intelligence, smart cities, and virtual reality, as new engines to explore new economic growth drivers and improve the quality of life of the people. In the next decade, Korea’s Future Creation Science Department will invest more than 2 trillion won to promote these nine. Large projects, while Korean operators actively deployed to promote the construction of IoT-dedicated networks. For the first time, Russia announced the launch of Internet of Things research and application deployment. The Russian Internet Innovation and Development Fund has drafted a “road map†for the development of the Internet of Things technology.
(2) The application of Internet of Things is developing steadily, and the market-oriented mechanism is gradually forming.
Overall, the global Internet of Things application is still in the early stage of development, and the application of the Internet of Things in the industry has gradually deepened. The application in the public market has begun to appear. M2M (machine and machine communication) and car networking have developed rapidly in recent years. Key application areas.
(3) The rapid development of the Internet of Things industry, multinational companies aiming at the growth opportunities of the Internet of Things
From a global perspective, the Internet of Things is in an accelerated development stage as a whole, and resources for upstream and downstream enterprises in the IoT industry chain are increasing. The basic semiconductor giants have launched special chip products that meet the needs of the Internet of Things technology, which has provided a huge impetus for the rapid development of the overall industry. According to Gartner's forecast, the number of global networked devices will exceed 6.39 billion in 2016 and 20.8 billion in 2020. The Internet of Things market has reached $1.9 trillion. The business integration innovation in the application field has driven the development of the industry. The industrial Internet of Things, the Internet of Vehicles, and the consumer intelligent terminal market have formed a certain market scale. M2M has become an important business growth point for global telecom operators.
3. Overview of the development of China's Internet of Things industry
(1) China's Internet of Things industry development policy environment is improving day by day
My government attaches great importance to the top-level design of the Internet of Things. In August 2012, the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the development of the Internet of Things was established, and relevant departments worked together to promote the development of the Internet of Things. In February 2013, the State Council issued the “Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Orderly and Healthy Development of the Internet of Things†(Guo Fa [2013] No. 7), focusing on the outstanding problems facing the development of the Internet of Things and the needs of long-term development, from the overall and top The design perspective was systematically considered, the development goals were established, and the development ideas for the next phase were clarified. At the same time, the State has also established an IoT Development Expert Advisory Committee composed of more than 30 experts to provide advice on IoT development strategies, top-level design, major policies, major issues, etc., and provide important services for government decision-making and inter-ministerial joint meetings. support. The Office of the Expert Advisory Committee for the Internet of Things Development was established at the Institute of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
In September 2013, more than 10 departments including the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued top-level design, standards development, technology research and development, application promotion, industrial support, and business model in the name of the inter-ministerial joint meeting on the development of the Internet of Things. , security guarantees, government support measures, legal and legal protection, and personnel training for the ten special development plans for the development of the Internet of Things, clearing the direction and specific objectives for the follow-up, planning, progress, and division of work to implement relevant work, and effectively promote the healthy development of the Internet of Things Initiative.
(2) China's M2M users are growing rapidly
With the top-level design of the central series and the unremitting efforts of various localities and departments, the development of the Internet of Things in China has achieved remarkable results. In terms of industrial scale, it jumped from 170 billion yuan in 2009 to more than 750 billion yuan in 2015, with a compound annual growth rate of more than 25%, and the number of terminals for machine-to-machine applications exceeded 100 million. At present, the M2M applications carried out by the three major telecom operators are mainly distributed in the fields of power, transportation, public services, home, finance, manufacturing, industrial control and security monitoring. China Mobile established China Mobile Internet of Things Co., Ltd. in Chongqing in September 2012 to conduct market-oriented operations in the form of branches. China Telecom Internet of Things Branch was also established in Wuxi New District, Jiangsu Province in March 2014. China has planned a total of 1 billion dedicated number resources for the M2M segment 1064. According to the statistics of the GSMA, the number of M2M users in China ranks first in the world. By the second quarter of 2013, China Mobile's M2M subscribers reached 27.3 million, making it the world's largest M2M operator.
(3) A breakthrough in the standardization of China's Internet of Things
China's influence in the international standardization of the Internet of Things has been continuously improved. More and more enterprises in China have begun to actively participate in the formulation of international standards. China has become one of the leading countries in the ITU and ISO corresponding IoT working groups, and has taken the lead in formulating the first international Internet of Things standard – Internet of Things Overview. Relevant enterprises and units in China have been deeply involved in the formulation of relevant standards for 3GPP MTC.
In terms of the standard system, the IoT Integrated Standardization System Guide was developed, and more than 900 standard projects were sorted out. IoT reference architecture, intelligent manufacturing, electronic health indicator evaluation, Internet of Things semantics and big data, etc. .
In terms of domestic standard development, China's development of common standards such as sensor network, sensor network and communication network integration, two-dimensional code and RFID, M2M, and Internet of Things architecture has been deepened. The speed of IoT application standards is accelerating, and standardization work is being carried out in smart cities, agricultural informatization, medical health monitoring systems, intelligent transportation, automotive informationization, green communities, smart homes, smart security, and electric bicycles.
(4) China's Internet of Things industry has formed a spatial pattern of four major development clusters
China has initially formed the spatial pattern of the four major Internet of Things industrial clusters in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Central and Western regions with Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Chongqing as the core. The Pearl River Delta region is centered on Shenzhen and continues its presence. The R&D and manufacturing advantages in the traditional electronic information field have grown into an important base for IoT product manufacturing, software R&D and system integration. Shenzhen has strong strength in the development of the Internet of Things industry, focusing on technological innovation, platform construction, standard setting, and industrial clusters. Nanshan District, Luohu District and Longgang District are the core, and actively promote the application demonstration of Shenzhen Internet of Things in the fields of transportation, logistics, industry, electric power, water, finance, medical care and community.
4. Analysis of the future development trend of the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things is becoming the key foundation and important engine for the green, intelligent and sustainable development of the economy and society. With the continuous maturity of IoT technology products, the potential and growth of the Internet of Things are gradually becoming more prominent. Applications will accelerate penetration into all aspects of production and life. The market scale will continue to expand; the industrial potential will be accelerated, and the market-oriented resource allocation mechanism will be gradually established. The deep integration of the Internet of Things and traditional industries will intensify and bring about profound changes in production methods and lifestyles.
(1) The integration of the Internet of Things and the mobile Internet has huge market potential
The mobile Internet and the Internet of Things are the two most promising information and communication industries: the mobile Internet is mainly for the individual consumer market, focusing on providing mass consumer and global services; while the Internet of Things is mainly focused on industry and regional. service. At present, the mobile Internet is entering a period of high-speed popularization. Successful products and service models continue to penetrate into other industrial fields. The Internet of Things, which is in its infancy, has begun to integrate into the mobile Internet. The combination of mobile Internet and Internet of Things has become the development of the Internet of Things. The direction with the most market potential and innovation space.
(2) M2M, the Internet of Vehicles market is the most endogenous, and commercialization is more mature.
Market demand, cost, standardization, technology maturity, and business model are the main factors affecting the scale-up of IoT applications. The M2M and the Internet of Vehicles market have strong endogenous power, and relevant technical standards are becoming more mature, and all aspects of comprehensive promotion are basically available. It will be the first breakthrough direction for IoT applications.
(3) Industry application will continue to develop steadily, with huge room for improvement
Industry applications are still an important area for the development of the Internet of Things. In the industrial, agricultural, electric power, transportation, logistics, security, environmental protection and other industries, the space for Internet of Things applications is broad.
(4) The era of the Internet of Everything is fully open
The growth of global Internet connectivity has entered the power conversion phase. The global Internet is moving from "everyone is connected" to "all things connected". The Internet of Things, as the Internet's network extension and application expansion, realizes the perception, real-time control, precise management and scientific decision-making of the physical world.
In terms of the scale of connectivity, the number of connected devices worldwide has maintained a rapid growth, surpassing the number of mobile Internet devices. According to Gartner's forecast, the number of connected devices in the world will exceed 6.39 billion in 2016 and reach 20.8 billion in 2020. BIIntelligence predicts that the number of connected devices in the world will reach 34 billion in 2020, of which the number of IoT devices will reach 24 billion, smartphones, The number of traditional mobile Internet devices such as tablets and smart watches is only 10 billion. The tens of billions of connected devices will bring explosive growth of data. IDC predicts that the total global data will exceed 40ZB in 2020, reaching 22 times that of 2011. From the perspective of application, the Internet of Things promotes the expansion of Internet applications from the consumer sector to the production sector, and gradually penetrates into all aspects of urban management.
In the consumer sector, smart wearable devices that combine the characteristics of the Internet and the Internet of Things are rapidly spreading. Global shipments are expected to increase by 38.2% in 2016 to 110 million. In the production sector, Forrester survey shows that 33% of companies have already Or plan to deploy IoT solutions, 25% of enterprises have already carried out evaluation; in the field of urban management, the Internet of Things has become a core element of smart cities, and has been widely used in public safety, urban transportation, and pipe network monitoring. Looking at the future development prospects, the Internet of Things market is huge. In 2016, the IoT investment in the United States and Western Europe will reach 232 billion yuan and 145 billion yuan respectively. It is expected that the growth rate of the Internet of Things revenue will reach 16.1% and 18.9% respectively by 2020. According to McKinsey's forecast, the Internet of Things will contribute 11.1 trillion yuan to the global economy in 2025, accounting for 11% of the global GDP.
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