[China's chip industry is lagging behind the accuracy of the lithography machine determines the upper limit of the chip] China's civilian-grade chips rely heavily on imports is not a day or two, from childhood to mobile phone chips, large to supercomputer CPU, we are very dependent on foreign countries, can be said United States. Therefore, in this Sino-U.S. trade friction, the United States imposed a 7-year penalty on China's ZTE Corporation for providing chips. According to relevant data analysis, China's annual light spending on chip imports has nearly 200 billion US dollars, equivalent to almost 14,000 billion yuan when converted into renminbi, and Guizhou Province's total GDP in 2017 but also over 1.25 billion. Perhaps not many people understand integrated circuits (chips are silicon chips containing integrated circuits).
But many people know Moore's Law, which means that when the price is constant, the number of components that can be accommodated on an integrated circuit will double approximately every 18 months, and the performance will also double. In other words, in the field of integrated circuits, products continue to maintain the trend of low-cost, high-performance. In such a rapid development, there have been relatively large differences in the level of development of various countries in the world. According to the latest data analysis of the General Administration of Customs, IC-related imports have exceeded crude oil imports for three consecutive years since 2015. Therefore, it is our dependence on the core behind the development of domestic Internet companies. What's more, now that we want to increase the production level of domestic chips, we need more than time, but the entire system upgrade. It can be said that it is quite difficult. It can even be said that it is even harder than building a space shuttle. Having said this, everyone can also know why we are so dependent on the US chip.
So at the critical moment of trade friction, this has become a knife that others can use. Seeing this, someone will surely ask why it is so difficult? Is it really harder than building an airplane? The answer is yes. An expert in the field of chips said that a chip production line involves more than 50 industries and requires 2,000 to 5,000 complicated processes. The most important step in silicon manufacturing is lithography, which is the link between manufacturing and design. A chip is about the size of a fingernail cover, but it contains tens of millions of wires, and it is necessary to keep the threads unchanged and a highly accurate lithography machine can complete it. It can be said that the accuracy of the lithography machine determines the upper limit of the chip. Throughout the world, there are currently only three ASML, Nikon and Canon companies that can provide lithography machines. ASML (a semiconductor equipment manufacturer in Feldhoven, the Netherlands, whose main product is the exposure of the core equipment used to produce large-scale integrated circuits Machines, which account for 90% of the world's market share, have monopolized the top lithography machine market. Shanghai Microelectronics Equipment Corporation (SMEE), located in Shanghai's Pudong New Area, is currently the best lithography machine manufacturer in China. It's no exaggeration to say that it can compete with China's C919 big flight project (small chip is so powerful).
SMEE's current best technology is that it can produce 90-nanometer chips. This level is equivalent to the foreign technology level in 2004. Now that they can make chips more than a dozen nanometers, at least we are nearly ten behind western countries in this respect. year. As you can see, most of the best companies in the world in the production of lithography machines are almost all camera equipment manufacturers, and they have a long history and strong technology accumulation. But in our country, there is no relevant equipment manufacturer. The production process of the lithography machine is also very harsh on the technical requirements such as grinding, lens material to be even, it takes decades to hundreds of years of technical accumulation. The general manager of Shanghai Microelectronics Equipment Co., Ltd. said that "the same lens, different workers to wear, polishing difference of ten times." In the German factory, you can often see three generations of grandparents and grandchildren work together. In addition, the manufacture of the lithography machine requires extremely stable light sources, and the optical system is quite complicated, which is also a great technical difficulty. SMEE's best lithography machine includes 13 subsystems, 30,000 mechanical parts and more than 200 sensors. So there are good lenses and light sources, but no mechanical precision, everything is no good. It is said that there are two tables in the lithography machine. One is equipped with a negative film and one is equipped with film. When the work is in progress, both need to move at the same time. The acceleration is equivalent to a missile, and the error is less than 2 nanometers. During the work of the lithography machine, once any one of the components fails, the entire lithography machine will not be able to work normally (more than 30,000 mechanical parts are still healthy to run). Shanghai SMEE was established in 2002 with the aim of filling our country’s technological gap in this area. After nearly two decades of development, SMEE has now been able to produce a good quality lithography machine. Although not as good as the world's top manufacturers, SMEE has improved. The production of lithography machines and other high-tech products ultimately requires talent, and talent is the deciding factor. Once there was a German engineer who pointed out that the full set of drawings did not produce a good lithography machine. Cocoon wood, born in the end, nine-story platform, began with one foot. The Chinese lithography machine needs a long time for work and perseverance.
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