Dr. Liu Jinhuai, a researcher and doctoral supervisor of Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machinery, has been engaged in the research of nanomaterials and devices and detection technologies for a long time.
Can humans invent certain devices that, like fish, are keen to perceive the subtle disturbances in the water? Or learn about butterflies. Change the color of the wings as the chemical composition in the air changes?
After billions of years of evolution, the fusion of the biosphere and nature has become perfect. The imitating of the special structure and function of living creatures has always been the source of human technological thoughts and inventions. As an important member of the bionic technology, the bionic sensor is a device or device designed based on biological principles and capable of sensing the specified object to be detected and outputting a usable signal according to a certain rule. It is a new type of sensor adopting a new detection principle. Consists of sensitive components and conversion components, supplemented by signal conditioning circuits or power supplies.
The design concept of the bionic bionic sensor of the sensitive mechanism mainly covers two aspects: one is the bionic of the sensitive mechanism, including the bionic design of the sensitive material and the sensitive principle; the second is the bionic function of the sensor function. Bionic sensitive materials (also known as bionic smart materials) and bionic principles are the cornerstone and core of the development of bionic sensors, which directly determine the application value of bionic sensor technology. Research in this area is extremely active.
Jiang Lei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, can adjust the hydrophilicity of the carbon nanotube array by modifying the morphology of the carbon nanotube array and modifying the carbon nanotubes, and even achieve superhydrophobicity such as lotus leaf. In addition, based on the principle of bionics, they use a high-molecular polymer as a temperature-sensitive material, and through the thermally induced surface chemical modification, a reversible switching of super-biparental/super-double sparse functions is realized. In 2010, they also reported in the journal Nature that based on the internal structure and hygroscopic principle of spider silk, fibers with nanopore structure were designed, and even direct collection of water droplets in moisture was achieved.
Researchers at the Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, based on the structural characteristics of corals, have designed nano-particle-like imitation coral structure semiconductor materials through molecular chemical assembly methods. Their gas-sensitive properties, photoelectric conversion properties, and traditional bulk materials and even conventional structural nanomaterials Compared with both, they are widely used in many fields such as chemical/biosensors, dye-sensitized solar cells, etc. The biometric biometric sensors based on artificial antibodies are also valuable in the detection of explosives and environmental pollutants. Through the analysis of the micro-structure of the sucker in the feet of the gecko, a semiconductor-micro-nano processing technology was used to fabricate a sensor that functions as a foot of the gecko. With the corresponding drive device, it can climb freely on various complex surfaces.
In addition, the Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nanobionics, the Tsinghua University, Peking University, Harbin Institute of Technology and other units of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have also carried out a lot of fruitful work. A number of achievements have been made at the international frontier.
The bionic nature of the sensor function On the other hand, imitating the function of a living organism, the development of a sensor with a similar function is used by humans and is an extremely attractive field.
Based on the tactile sensing of human skin and the principle of muscle expansion, Italian and Swedish scientists have jointly developed a bionic sensing system based on sensor arrays and a mechanical linkage device controlled by feedback signals, which can simulate the grasp of various complex topographic objects by human hands. Put it and move it.
Hefei Intelligent Machinery Institute uses a gas sensor array to develop an electronic nose detector that can be combined in any combination of shapes and configurations. It can realize rapid on-site detection of precursor chemicals and can detect and determine 12 precursor chemicals. The detection time is less than two minutes and it is especially suitable for security inspection at stations, border inspection ports and other places.
In recent years, the research on bionic sensors that mimic fish has become a new hotspot. Researchers at Konkuk University in Korea used a piezo-resistive actuator to simulate the fish's tail fin, and by adjusting the frequency of the actuator to control the tail fin swing rate, a robotic fish with a straight speed of 2.5 cm/s was obtained. Researchers at Harbin Institute of Technology in China used alloys with morphological storage functions as fins to develop a micro robotic fish that can run straight or bypass. The maximum speed of straight travel is 11.2 cm/sec, and the minimum turning radius is 13.6. cm. In addition, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Essex in the United Kingdom are also conducting research in this direction. At present, robotic fish are increasingly closer to reality, both in terms of speed and flexibility.
It is well-known that the sensing organs on which fish live are located on their sidelines, detecting obstacles, sensing water disturbances and even tracking prey, all relying on their lateral sense organs. The lateral line is like a number of sensors arrayed from head to tail, detecting stimuli from different directions. The intensity and time difference of the sensors in fishes using different sensors are used to determine the size and orientation of the stimuli. Many terrestrial organisms also have structurally and functionally similar organs, such as the antennae of insects. From this point of view, if the internal structure of the fish lateral line and its action mechanism can be imitated, similar perception functions can be obtained, the sensible knowledge and precise positioning of the underwater object, the navigation of the submarine ship and the precise control and dynamics of the underwater robot can be obtained. Real-time monitoring of the environment is of great significance.
In this regard, researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology are at the forefront. They developed a fluffy touch-sensitive fish-side sensor that was tested in a simulated water environment and found that fluff was very responsive to fluid disturbance signals. This new type of bionic sensor has even been highly hoped by the U.S. military and is expected to become an ultra-sensitive, anti-interference-powered next-generation underwater detector that surpasses the sonar.
Using similar biomimetic principles, the Dutch scientists imitated the antenna structure of the cockroach and produced a biomimetic fluid sensor based on a nanocolumn array, which also showed high sensitivity to subtle disturbances.
Future: More microscopic, more compact bionic sensor technology has been developed so far, from smart materials to sensor components construction and application, have reached a very high level. Of course, with the continuous deepening of research and the gradual expansion of application fields, more and more stringent requirements have been put forward for bionic sensors.
On the one hand, bionic sensors are increasingly moving in the direction of mimicking the microstructures and their action mechanisms based on the biological tissues themselves; on the other hand, based on the considerations of miniaturization, portability, and low-carbon energy saving of certain integral devices, the bionic sensors are miniaturized. It has also become a major challenge.
From macroscopic to microscopic changes, nanotechnology, a rapidly developing high-tech, has become the best choice. For example, the biomimetic photosensitive nanosensors that GE's global R&D center is about to develop will be typical examples of the combination of nanotechnology and biomimetics. By mimicking the unique nanostructures in the butterfly wing scales, high-sensitivity optical detection of chemicals in the environment will be realized. Another example is the development of polymer nano lens array based on nanoimprint technology, which can realize the multi-angle observation function of insect compound eyes.
Nanotechnology will be the focus and focus of research in the development of new types of structural and functional biomimetic sensors. It can be foreseen that a new generation of nano-bionic sensors based on nanotechnology and bionics principles will greatly enrich the human material world and make people's lives more convenient, comfortable and safe.
News Center Cross-Strait Society International Taiwan Channel
Can humans invent certain devices that, like fish, are keen to perceive the subtle disturbances in the water? Or learn about butterflies. Change the color of the wings as the chemical composition in the air changes?
After billions of years of evolution, the fusion of the biosphere and nature has become perfect. The imitating of the special structure and function of living creatures has always been the source of human technological thoughts and inventions. As an important member of the bionic technology, the bionic sensor is a device or device designed based on biological principles and capable of sensing the specified object to be detected and outputting a usable signal according to a certain rule. It is a new type of sensor adopting a new detection principle. Consists of sensitive components and conversion components, supplemented by signal conditioning circuits or power supplies.
The design concept of the bionic bionic sensor of the sensitive mechanism mainly covers two aspects: one is the bionic of the sensitive mechanism, including the bionic design of the sensitive material and the sensitive principle; the second is the bionic function of the sensor function. Bionic sensitive materials (also known as bionic smart materials) and bionic principles are the cornerstone and core of the development of bionic sensors, which directly determine the application value of bionic sensor technology. Research in this area is extremely active.
Jiang Lei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, can adjust the hydrophilicity of the carbon nanotube array by modifying the morphology of the carbon nanotube array and modifying the carbon nanotubes, and even achieve superhydrophobicity such as lotus leaf. In addition, based on the principle of bionics, they use a high-molecular polymer as a temperature-sensitive material, and through the thermally induced surface chemical modification, a reversible switching of super-biparental/super-double sparse functions is realized. In 2010, they also reported in the journal Nature that based on the internal structure and hygroscopic principle of spider silk, fibers with nanopore structure were designed, and even direct collection of water droplets in moisture was achieved.
Researchers at the Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, based on the structural characteristics of corals, have designed nano-particle-like imitation coral structure semiconductor materials through molecular chemical assembly methods. Their gas-sensitive properties, photoelectric conversion properties, and traditional bulk materials and even conventional structural nanomaterials Compared with both, they are widely used in many fields such as chemical/biosensors, dye-sensitized solar cells, etc. The biometric biometric sensors based on artificial antibodies are also valuable in the detection of explosives and environmental pollutants. Through the analysis of the micro-structure of the sucker in the feet of the gecko, a semiconductor-micro-nano processing technology was used to fabricate a sensor that functions as a foot of the gecko. With the corresponding drive device, it can climb freely on various complex surfaces.
In addition, the Suzhou Institute of Nanotechnology and Nanobionics, the Tsinghua University, Peking University, Harbin Institute of Technology and other units of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have also carried out a lot of fruitful work. A number of achievements have been made at the international frontier.
The bionic nature of the sensor function On the other hand, imitating the function of a living organism, the development of a sensor with a similar function is used by humans and is an extremely attractive field.
Based on the tactile sensing of human skin and the principle of muscle expansion, Italian and Swedish scientists have jointly developed a bionic sensing system based on sensor arrays and a mechanical linkage device controlled by feedback signals, which can simulate the grasp of various complex topographic objects by human hands. Put it and move it.
Hefei Intelligent Machinery Institute uses a gas sensor array to develop an electronic nose detector that can be combined in any combination of shapes and configurations. It can realize rapid on-site detection of precursor chemicals and can detect and determine 12 precursor chemicals. The detection time is less than two minutes and it is especially suitable for security inspection at stations, border inspection ports and other places.
In recent years, the research on bionic sensors that mimic fish has become a new hotspot. Researchers at Konkuk University in Korea used a piezo-resistive actuator to simulate the fish's tail fin, and by adjusting the frequency of the actuator to control the tail fin swing rate, a robotic fish with a straight speed of 2.5 cm/s was obtained. Researchers at Harbin Institute of Technology in China used alloys with morphological storage functions as fins to develop a micro robotic fish that can run straight or bypass. The maximum speed of straight travel is 11.2 cm/sec, and the minimum turning radius is 13.6. cm. In addition, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Essex in the United Kingdom are also conducting research in this direction. At present, robotic fish are increasingly closer to reality, both in terms of speed and flexibility.
It is well-known that the sensing organs on which fish live are located on their sidelines, detecting obstacles, sensing water disturbances and even tracking prey, all relying on their lateral sense organs. The lateral line is like a number of sensors arrayed from head to tail, detecting stimuli from different directions. The intensity and time difference of the sensors in fishes using different sensors are used to determine the size and orientation of the stimuli. Many terrestrial organisms also have structurally and functionally similar organs, such as the antennae of insects. From this point of view, if the internal structure of the fish lateral line and its action mechanism can be imitated, similar perception functions can be obtained, the sensible knowledge and precise positioning of the underwater object, the navigation of the submarine ship and the precise control and dynamics of the underwater robot can be obtained. Real-time monitoring of the environment is of great significance.
In this regard, researchers from Georgia Institute of Technology are at the forefront. They developed a fluffy touch-sensitive fish-side sensor that was tested in a simulated water environment and found that fluff was very responsive to fluid disturbance signals. This new type of bionic sensor has even been highly hoped by the U.S. military and is expected to become an ultra-sensitive, anti-interference-powered next-generation underwater detector that surpasses the sonar.
Using similar biomimetic principles, the Dutch scientists imitated the antenna structure of the cockroach and produced a biomimetic fluid sensor based on a nanocolumn array, which also showed high sensitivity to subtle disturbances.
Future: More microscopic, more compact bionic sensor technology has been developed so far, from smart materials to sensor components construction and application, have reached a very high level. Of course, with the continuous deepening of research and the gradual expansion of application fields, more and more stringent requirements have been put forward for bionic sensors.
On the one hand, bionic sensors are increasingly moving in the direction of mimicking the microstructures and their action mechanisms based on the biological tissues themselves; on the other hand, based on the considerations of miniaturization, portability, and low-carbon energy saving of certain integral devices, the bionic sensors are miniaturized. It has also become a major challenge.
From macroscopic to microscopic changes, nanotechnology, a rapidly developing high-tech, has become the best choice. For example, the biomimetic photosensitive nanosensors that GE's global R&D center is about to develop will be typical examples of the combination of nanotechnology and biomimetics. By mimicking the unique nanostructures in the butterfly wing scales, high-sensitivity optical detection of chemicals in the environment will be realized. Another example is the development of polymer nano lens array based on nanoimprint technology, which can realize the multi-angle observation function of insect compound eyes.
Nanotechnology will be the focus and focus of research in the development of new types of structural and functional biomimetic sensors. It can be foreseen that a new generation of nano-bionic sensors based on nanotechnology and bionics principles will greatly enrich the human material world and make people's lives more convenient, comfortable and safe.
News Center Cross-Strait Society International Taiwan Channel
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