Application of Zigbee Technology in Electric Power Wireless Meter Reading System
0 Preface
The most commonly used traditional method for metering charges for residential electricity is the traditional meter reading charge for households. However, the traditional meter reading method is not only time-consuming and laborious, but its accuracy and timeliness cannot be reliably guaranteed. Moreover, there are drawbacks such as trouble in entering a household, which no longer meets the needs of modern property management. The wireless meter reading system has the advantages of time saving, fewer people and less effort, can improve work efficiency, reduce property costs, and can accurately copy user meter data in time, so it is the trend of meter reading billing development. Among many wireless technologies, Zigbee technology has unique advantages. Its low speed, low energy consumption, reliable transmission, and flexible networking are becoming increasingly popular technologies in building intelligence.
1 Zigbee technology
In fact, short-range communication has multiple technical methods. Table 1 lists a comparison of several short-range wireless communication technologies. Among the several technologies listed in Table 1, the ZigBee technology based on the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol originated from a representative short-range wireless communication technology standard at the beginning of this century, and the PHY layer and MAC layer protocols were established by IEEE802.15.4 The working group formulates, the network layer is formulated by the ZigBee technology alliance, and the application development of the application layer can be developed according to the user's own application needs. Therefore, the technology can provide users with a more flexible and flexible networking method. 
2 wireless meter reading system description
The hardware module in this system is composed of Helicomm's IP-Link 1221-2033 module and MSP430 as well as buttons and liquid crystal display devices. The user terminal is composed of an electric meter and a data transmission module. After modification, when the meter reading increases, the ZigBee module count increases accordingly. When the preset sending time is reached (this time can be set), the system can send data to the node in the data set.
On the management center side, the ZigBee module of the data center node has the function of data fusion processing. It can automatically record the collected data into the database of this system and display the data according to the operation instructions of the meter reading personnel.
3 program features
This system standard is based on the 802.15.4 protocol stack and has a powerful device networking function. It can support three main types of self-organizing wireless networks, namely star structure, mesh structure (mesh) and cluster structure (cluster tree), especially the mesh structure, has strong network robustness and system reliability.
The mesh network topology has powerful functions. All entities of the network can communicate with each other as long as they are within the communication range. If there is no direct path, they can also communicate through "multi-level hopping". In addition, the topology The structure can also form an extremely complex network; in addition, the network also has self-organizing and self-healing functions.
The equipment of this system is very power-saving. The system adopts a variety of power-saving working modes, which can ensure that two five batteries can support up to 6 months to 2 years of use, and can also ensure reliable communication. Because the system adopts the collision avoidance mechanism of CSMA-CA, and also reserves dedicated time slots for communication services that require fixed bandwidth, it avoids competition and conflicts when sending data. The MAC layer uses a fully confirmed data transmission mechanism. Each sent data packet must wait for the receiver's confirmation information. In addition, the system's network self-organization and self-healing capabilities are also very strong.
The self-organizing function of this system does not require human intervention, and the network nodes can perceive the existence of other nodes and determine the connection relationship to form a structured network; while the self-healing function of Zigbee can complete the addition or deletion of a node, or in the node Handle when the position changes. The failure of the node, etc., enables the network to repair itself, and adjust the network topology accordingly without manual intervention, thus ensuring that the entire system can still work normally. It can be said that a wireless communication network with self-organization and self-healing capabilities is the most ideal communication method for the automatic meter reading system.
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