The Internet of Things will be the most revolutionary development since the birth of the Internet. Many forecasting organizations are also optimistic about the prospects of the Internet of Things. They believe that the number of devices connected to the Internet will reach 10 billion or even more in the next few years. many.
There is no doubt that the everyday life of ordinary consumers will be filled with all kinds of connected devices. As a result, the endurance of the device has become particularly important, especially for devices that are inconvenient to connect to a power source, such as wearable products, vehicles, and the like.
I believe that users of smart bracelets and watches have a deep understanding of this. In the past two years, wireless charging technology has received more and more attention and attention, because it will be able to solve the problem of equipment endurance.
Next, Xiaobian will summarize the current situation of wireless charging technology for everyone.
1. Application status
With the overwhelming impact of smartphones and smart hardware, charging has become a harder than diamond.
Many companies are now working to keep their phones charged at all times via wireless devices. Wireless charging technology is a big innovation in the way of energy conversion. The advantage of wireless charging of portable devices is far more than getting rid of the constraints of cables. However, from Nikolay? Tesla has been transmitting power for the first time for more than 100 years, but we still have not been able to release the full potential of energy conversion.
In 2015, the transmitter devices such as wireless charging boards showed a rising trend, and wearable devices were the most important source of power for the growth of wireless charging transmitters in 2015. In the next few years, it is conceivable that notebook computers will begin to support wireless charging and receiving functions. The demand for wireless charging and transmitting devices in public places will grow rapidly. More and more consumers use wireless charging technology in their daily lives.
2. Analysis of prior art
Nikola 100 years ago? Tesla invented the "Tesla Coil", which spreads electricity through air and opens the era of wireless power transmission. Today, wireless charging technology has not been widely used, we may wish to divide it into two categories: near-field and far-field charging.
Near field
There are many ways to transmit wireless in the near field, such as electromagnetic induction, magnetic resonance, capacitive coupling, magnetic coupling, and so on. The first two should be the most commonly used technologies on the market today.
Electromagnetic induction (inductive coupling)
It uses the magnetic field established between the wire coils to achieve wireless transmission of electrical energy. When a current flows through the transmitting coil, it generates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the receiving coil. The better the coil is coupled, the better the power transfer.
For example, the integrated coil is applied to the back of the mobile phone, the bottom of the toothbrush and the charging base to generate a magnetic field, and the interaction of the two coils can transmit current, thereby achieving wireless charging.
Magnetic resonance (resonance inductive coupling)
This method uses the resonance phenomenon to wirelessly transmit electrical energy in a certain space, and the principle is the same as that of electromagnetic induction. The transmitter and receiver coils oscillate (or resonate) at the same frequency, and resonant inductive coupling allows energy to be transmitted at high intensity.
Most of the main wireless charging standards in the consumer field rely on the above two methods, but the shortcoming of this technology is that the transmission distance is short, so many mobile phones that support wireless charging need to be placed on the wireless charging base more accurately in order to be charged normally. It does not show much advantage in the consumer community compared to the stability of wired charging and user viscosity.
The more mature technical standards in the near field include: Qi, 4AWP and PMA of the Wireless Charging Alliance.
The WPC Alliance, the founder of the Qi standard, has been developing a globally unified standard for wireless charging technology. More than 800 products from more than 200 companies currently support the Qi standard. Alliance management members include LG, Qualcomm, Samsung, TI, Toshiba and Verizon.
The Airfuel Alliance is a global ecosystem that is the result of the merger of the PMA Alliance and the A4WP Alliance. This merger has accelerated the vision of future consumers, where devices will be interoperable and convenient. The companies that make up the alliance board are AT&T, Intel, ON Semiconductor, Powermat, Samsung and WiTricity.
Remote charging system
Compared to near-field charging systems, telematics systems have more energy to pass energy from power hubs to specific devices, and Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ultrasound, and infrared have all been tried.
First, talk about Wi-Fi. Just last year, the University of Washington has successfully developed a technology that uses a WiFi network to charge hardware devices. The team is charging a digital camera and other devices within a distance of about 10 meters of WiFi coverage, which can be used for mobile phone charging in the future. It is reported that this team developed a "WiFi power supply system", which consists of a WiFi access point (router) and a customized charging sensor.
The charging sensor is mounted on a hardware device and is mainly used to receive electrical energy in a radio frequency signal (RF), and then convert the radio frequency signal into direct current for charging. In addition to the above hardware, the team has developed a software solution that allows routers to power external devices while transmitting data. So the question is, will there be interference between the data used for WiFi transmission and the signal being charged? The research team said they already have specific solutions to prevent interference between the two signals. For example, on the router and sensor to make the corresponding optimization, the transmission of the two signals can not affect each other.
Radio frequency (RF)-based systems, such as WattUp and Cota, use one or more antennas to broadcast energy and communicate. For example, Cota wireless charging technology actually uses existing Wi-Fi and Bluetooth antennas to communicate data and receive wireless power, and then these micro-signals are injected into the battery's charging current.
In the ultrasonic system represented by uBeam, the signal generator in the router is responsible for generating a signal, which is processed to generate an ultrasonic wave, and after focusing, a charging current is generated. However, this system and equipment requirements are relatively high: must be efficient, and can withstand large energy signals
Wi-Charge focuses on converting infrared into electricity. The transmitting end accurately emits an infrared beam to the receiver through the laser diode, and the solar cell in the receiver is responsible for converting the infrared light back into the electrical energy.
The most recent breakthrough is Energous, which is the farthest wireless charging distance. It uses radio frequency waves to convert radio waves into battery power, and wireless devices with special receivers can pull power out of the air to charge mobile phones in wallets, pockets, or anywhere. This technology currently has limitations because it only charges small devices embedded in the chip, and these devices need to be in direct contact with the Miniature WattUp transmitter.
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