The manufacturing industry is the main body of the national economy, and it is the foundation of the country and the instrument of rejuvenating the country. Vigorously promote the deep integration of the new generation of information and communication technology represented by the Internet and the manufacturing industry, actively seize the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the commanding heights of industrial transformation, and reshape the new competitive advantages of the world. It is the common strategic choice of the world's major developed countries. After years of development, China's manufacturing system is complete, the categories are complete, and the scale is huge. The Internet industry is active in innovation, resources are abundant, and its advantages are outstanding. The manufacturing industry has a solid foundation for transformation and upgrading at a wider scope, deeper level and higher level. Summarize development practice, explore the path of integration, implement the general requirements of “implementing 'Internet' action†and “implementing “Made in China 2025†proposed by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, adhere to the problem orientation, strengthen overall planning, and achieve manufacturing A strong country is of great significance.
First, the integration effect is beginning to show, "Internet +" provides new kinetic energy for the manufacturing industry to move towards the middle and high end
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is a practical exploration period for the integration and innovation of China's Internet and manufacturing industries. "Internet +" drives manufacturing technology advancement, efficiency improvement and organizational change, accelerates the iteration of industry, and accelerates the conversion of kinetic energy. From consumption to production, from the edge to the core, from the platform to the ecology, the Internet has expanded to the manufacturing industry, causing profound changes in the manufacturing development concept, user role, business form, production factors, organizational model and management model.
(1) "Internet +" promotes intensive development of manufacturing
There are many intermediate links, short value chains, high cost and low efficiency, which are the problems faced by most manufacturing companies. The Internet accelerates the leanization of the industrial chain, the flattening of production organizations, and the coordinated transformation of enterprise development, reducing corporate costs and promoting intensive development. The first is to compress the middle channel. The Internet realizes efficient docking between supply and demand sides, reduces circulation links, and effectively reduces production and operation costs. For example, Xiaomi uses a network platform to gather a large number of fans, and saves a lot of publicity, channels and inventory costs through word-of-mouth marketing and online direct sales, and builds new competitive advantages. The second is the flattening of corporate organizations. With the accurate and efficient transmission of information brought by the Internet, enterprises can reduce the internal middle level, improve decision-making efficiency, accelerate the transition to a networked, flat organization, and more adapt to flexible market needs. For example, Haier changed the traditional closed bureaucratic organizational structure, weakened the middle management, established small and micro business units, reduced institutional costs, and improved decision-making efficiency and efficiency. The third is the collaborative sharing of resources. The Internet platform integrates supply chain resources online, promotes the aggregation, ecology and synergy of various enterprises in the industrial chain, and significantly reduces the resource allocation and coordination costs of enterprises. For example, relying on the aerospace cloud network for collaborative procurement, the manufacturing enterprise can save 30% of the cost.
(2) "Internet +" promotes innovation and development of manufacturing industry
The key obstacle to the large but not strong manufacturing industry in China is the lack of innovation capability. The Internet accelerates the integration and innovation of the industrial chain. Based on its flat advantages, scale advantages and agglomeration advantages, it injects new vitality into the innovation and development of manufacturing R&D, manufacturing and service models. The first is collaborative research and development. The Internet breaks the closed research and development model of enterprises, promotes the synergy between enterprises and enterprises, enterprises and consumers, realizes the networked aggregation, opening and sharing of innovation elements, and greatly enhances the innovation capability and efficiency of enterprises. The core team of more than 20 people of CNNC has successfully completed the core design of “Hualong No.1†by using the crowdsourcing platform to efficiently coordinate with thousands of engineers and technicians in more than 20 cities. The second is intelligent production. The integration of Internet technology in the manufacturing process has promoted the transformation of the manufacturing model into digital, networked and intelligent. Guangzhou CNC uses the Internet technology to achieve a new manufacturing method of automatic clamping, automatic loading and unloading and dynamic sensing processing status, and the production quality and efficiency are significantly improved. The third is value-added services. "Hardware + Internet + Software Services" has become an important model for manufacturing enterprise service innovation. For example, new products such as smart bracelets and smart TVs are used as carriers to deeply expand services such as life, entertainment and health, and greatly extend the enterprise value chain.
(3) "Internet +" promotes green development of manufacturing
"Internet +" is widely used in manufacturing process optimization, resource recycling and energy management in terms of ubiquitous perception, precise control and intelligent decision-making, which greatly reduces energy consumption and improves resource utilization efficiency. The first is to reduce energy consumption. Relying on the industrial Internet for real-time monitoring and optimization management of equipment status, energy consumption and emissions, can significantly reduce the energy consumption intensity of traditional industries such as steel, petrochemical, cement and paper. The second is to reduce material consumption. New technologies such as 3D printing and cloud manufacturing are driving the transformation of manufacturing processes and models. The “economy-saving†3D printing technology developed by China University of Science and Technology can save up to 70% of consumables. The third is to promote the use of clean energy. Energy production and management systems based on the Internet of Things and big data have greatly improved the ability of the grid to accept clean energy. Tianjin Zhongxin Eco-city has built a three-in-one intelligent microgrid system of “photovoltaic, wind power and energy storageâ€. The distributed clean energy power is 1.3 million kWh per month, which basically meets the needs of residents in the eco-city. The fourth is to help reverse logistics. The online trading platform promotes the rapid development of industrial waste trading and recycling. Since the mobile Internet-based recycling APP “re-live†has been launched, it has covered nearly 300 communities in Beijing, and has collected nearly 10 tons of waste products every day to improve the recycling efficiency of renewable resources. .
(4) "Internet +" promotes the open development of manufacturing
Building a new system of higher levels and higher levels of open economy is a requirement and choice for adapting to economic globalization. The Internet has accelerated the globalization of information flow, technology flow, capital flow and talent flow, and has facilitated the global development of China's manufacturing industry. On the one hand, the Internet boosts companies to go global and expand the global market. There are more than 5,000 cross-border platform enterprises in China, and more than 200,000 foreign trade enterprises that carry out cross-border e-commerce. In 2014, the scale of cross-border e-commerce transactions reached 4.2 trillion. In 2015, the growth rate was as high as 30%, accounting for 18% of the country's import and export trade. Alibaba Sesame Credit uses big data and cloud computing technology to objectively present personal credit status, facilitate visas for overseas travel, and facilitate the flow of cross-border personnel. On the other hand, it helps companies to introduce and use global resources. The global Internet-based R&D and manufacturing platform is conducive to the global optimization of enterprise R&D and production resources, and promotes the global layout and innovation of enterprises. Weichai Power established a global networked collaborative R&D platform to realize distributed deployment of R&D resources and global open collaboration, optimizing and accelerating the engine development process. Through collaborative research and development at home and abroad, the research and development cycle of its supporting sea surveillance ship engine has been reduced from the original 24 months to 18 months, and the overall R&D efficiency has increased by more than 20%.
Second, explore the experience method, "Internet" opens up new ways for the manufacturing industry to accelerate transformation and upgrading
China has a wide range of manufacturing industries, many enterprises, and the development characteristics, stage levels, and capability bases between industries and enterprises are different. The path of using the "Internet" to promote transformation and upgrading has its own merits. The pioneering enterprises actively explored and the “Internet†manufacturing path became clearer and clearer, providing reference and reference for more enterprise practice.
(1) Intelligent production
Intelligent production is the development trend of the manufacturing industry and the focus of international competition. The domestic pioneer enterprises have carried out a lot of exploration. At present, there are two main paths: one is partial intelligent transformation. On the existing manufacturing system, through the addition of embedded devices and new networks, intelligent device manufacturing performance sensing, process optimization, intelligent scheduling and other intelligent manufacturing based on shop floor data are realized, which has the characteristics of low cost, low risk and strong operability. . For example, Huawei has implemented a smart factory transformation for a wine company. Based on the original automatic control equipment, it deploys a 4G-based wireless broadband cluster system to collect various parameters such as temperature, humidity, composition ratio, and equipment status in real time, based on big data analysis results. Optimized control, capacity increase of 40%, energy consumption decreased by 30%. The second is comprehensive and intelligent reconstruction. New data integration platform, fully integrated equipment unit, production monitoring, manufacturing execution, enterprise management, design and development, etc., to achieve data cross-system flow, collection, analysis, optimization and intelligent production and management, although difficult and costly However, it is a key support for the deep expansion of the complex product manufacturing field. Such as Haier Shenyang unmanned factory, fully integrated production control, logistics management, enterprise management, design platform and other systems, to achieve flexible manufacturing of more than 500 models of single-line products, greatly reducing logistics and distribution distance.
(2) Networked collaboration
With the help of the Internet or industrial cloud platform, the development of new modes such as collaborative R&D, crowdsourcing design and supply chain coordination among enterprises can effectively reduce the cost of resource acquisition, greatly extend the scope of resource utilization, break the closed boundary, and accelerate the coordination from single to industrial cooperation. Transform and promote the overall competitiveness of the industry. Aerospace science and technology use the aerospace cloud network proprietary cloud platform to access more than 600 units in the upstream and downstream of the group, sharing hundreds of resources in seven categories, including design models, professional software, 3D printers and CNC machine tools, to achieve online simulation. Computation, collaborative testing of complex product modules, unified viewing of manufacturing resources and flexible scheduling, effectively promoted the optimal allocation of production capacity and significant improvement in production efficiency. Based on the Internet-based digital design, test and management platform, COMAC has developed a global collaborative development of the C919 large passenger aircraft, achieving a high degree of parallelization of the development process of millions of components and airborne systems.
(3) Personalized customization
Personalization is an important way to adapt to the diversification and personalization of market demand. Utilizing the Internet platform and smart factory construction, the user demand will be directly converted into production orders, and user-centered personalized customization and on-demand production will be carried out to effectively meet the diversified needs of the market and solve the long-standing inventory and production problems of the manufacturing industry. Production and sales dynamic balance. One is the creation of custom. With the help of the Internet platform, Volkswagen initiated and participated in the development of new products for enterprises. Haier Tianbo Air Conditioning is designed by users, more than 30 enthusiasts interact with each other, and more than 1,000 users participate in the support. At the same time of design, the performance of 10,000 users to make an order is realized. The second is deep customization. Through the Internet platform, users and enterprises interact with product design elements and details one-to-one. The company uses flexible production lines to customize production according to the individual needs of users, such as Red Collar Group, Lutai Textile, and Shangpin Home Delivery.
(4) Service extension
Service-oriented extension promotes the accelerated expansion of the manufacturing industry into the service sector and effectively expands the important path of the value chain. By adding intelligent modules and communication modules, enterprises can realize product networking and data collection, use big data analysis and extension to provide diversified intelligent services, optimize inventory and drive profit growth. Sany Heavy Industry loads embedded components, sensors, remote control devices and other intelligent components on the construction machinery, uses the mobile Internet to establish data channels between remote devices and monitoring cloud platforms, and monitors thousands of parameters of tens of thousands of machines in real time to achieve device positioning. Services such as remote fault warning and diagnosis, intelligent scheduling, etc., effectively reduce operation and maintenance costs and reduce user losses. Shaanxi Drum Group has established a remote online monitoring and fault diagnosis system to provide users with 24/7 online technical support, and has set up a complete technical cooperation network composed of more than 50 enterprises to optimize the integration of industrial chain resources and provide services from mechanical product suppliers to services. Business transformation.
Third, strengthen overall planning, and condense wisdom to open a new chapter in Chinese manufacturing
The "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period is a crucial period for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry, and it is the decisive stage for building a well-off society in an all-round way. "Internet" has broad prospects for production and unlimited space. It should focus on the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and the commanding heights of industrial transformation. Combine with the actual development of China's manufacturing industry, give full play to the leading role of the market and the guiding role of the government, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and promote the manufacturing of China. To the high end.
(1) Vigorously develop the industrial Internet
Industrial Internet is an industry and application ecosystem formed by the comprehensive integration of a new generation of information technology and industrial systems represented by the Internet. Through the Industrial Internet, the various elements of the industrial system and all links to achieve ubiquitous connectivity and data connectivity, promoting intelligent, networked, personalized and service-oriented manufacturing transformation. Industrial Internet is not only the commanding height of global manufacturing competition, but also the key support for China's manufacturing transformation to the mid-to-high end. It is urgent to accelerate the deployment and promote the industrial Internet ecosystem with international influence. The first is to build a network interconnection system with high speed, high reliability, low latency, flexible and fast organization. Transform the internal network of the factory with new technologies such as industrial wireless network and industrial Ethernet, and promote the transformation and upgrading of the external network of the factory by deploying new technologies such as 4G/5G, Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). The second is to establish a data chain covering the entire process, the whole link and the product life cycle, improve the key application support platforms such as industrial cloud and industrial big data, promote digital modeling and simulation, and deepen the intelligent analysis and application of industrial big data. The third is to build a new production system that is networked, open, and integrated, and simultaneously build a security system that covers equipment, networks, controls, applications, and data.
(II) Strengthening research and development of key software and hardware
Promoting the "Internet" manufacturing is inseparable from the development of the hardware and software technology industry. China's technical capabilities in many key areas such as smart equipment, high-end software and core components are still weak, and the industrial ecology needs to be improved. On the one hand, it is necessary to increase the effective supply of key core technologies, enhance the R&D intensity of basic components such as integrated circuits and intelligent sensors, and strengthen the level of autonomy of high-end CNC systems, industrial control computers, high-end servers and other core systems, and support industrial operations. Development and application of basic software such as systems and high-end industrial software and new industrial APP. On the other hand, strengthen the industry's demand for independent technology products, foster application ecology, organize upstream and downstream enterprises to jointly carry out the testing and application of key platforms, technologies and products for “Internet†manufacturing, and form a new pattern of benign interaction between supply and demand.
(III) Pilot demonstration of application
Pilot demonstrations in different industries, sub-regions, and steps are important means to promote the widespread adoption of new modes of "Internet" manufacturing. At present, priority can be given to key industries such as petrochemical, steel, automobile, aviation, home appliances, and enterprises with good information base, and pilot projects around new networks, platform systems, application models, and solutions, and summarizing manufacturing enterprises and information and communication enterprises. Successful experiences of mutual exploration and mutual cooperation are promoted to the same industry and similar industries. Further play the role of pilot demonstration at the national and regional levels, and conduct cluster demonstrations in areas with better basic conditions such as the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta to provide experience for other regions. At the same time, the existing pilot demonstration evaluation mechanism should be further improved to speed up the formation of an effect-oriented pilot demonstration system.
(4) Build an integrated service system
In the face of a new round of transformation and upgrading, many manufacturing companies have difficulties in the cost of hardware and software, and the lack of professional talents. Building a comprehensive service system is a powerful tool to crack this problem. The first is to improve the solution service capabilities. Encourage leading enterprises to provide solution services based on their own practices, and expand a number of industry integrated integrated solution providers to help more enterprises accelerate transformation and upgrading. The second is to build a third-party service platform. Facing industrial Internet, intelligent manufacturing and other key areas, we will cultivate a number of integrated network, platform, business and product testing and verification institutions, actively develop service platforms such as industrial e-commerce and supply chain finance, and reduce the threshold and cost of integration of manufacturing enterprises. The third is to play the role of industry organization. Relying on industrial platforms such as the Industrial Internet Industry Alliance, we will carry out research and development, standardization, public service provision, international exchange and cooperation, etc., and form a development pattern of efficient linkage of government, industry, research and research.
(V) Strengthening resource element support
Promoting "Internet +" manufacturing, technology is the key, capital is the guarantee, and talent is the foundation. It is necessary to integrate all forces, gather resources from all parties, and strengthen guidance and support. First, establish a manufacturing integration innovation center, carry out key technology joint research in basic, cutting-edge, and strategic areas, accelerate the industrialization of technological achievements, and crack the bottleneck of development. The second is to increase the state's key research and development plans, technical reforms and other funds to the "Internet +" manufacturing sector, and encourage local support for supporting funds. Encourage banks and leading enterprises to provide targeted loans, supply chain finance and other services for SMEs to implement "Internet +" manufacturing, and solve problems such as corporate financing difficulties and expensive financing. The third is to focus on the "Internet +" manufacturing talents, improve the diversified personnel training system, and optimize the five types of talent resource structure such as scientific and technological innovation, management, engineering technology, vocational skills, and urgent needs. Encourage enterprises, universities, and research institutions to jointly carry out professional training for managers and skilled personnel, increase government procurement services, support the training of SMEs, and encourage universities to strengthen the construction of new disciplines in the field of integration.
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