In order to make the best sounds of the different kinds of instruments and different styles of singing in the performance, you need to select the microphone that best suits the performance style to pick up the sound.
1. The importance of the microphone in the sound system The microphone is a transducer that converts the sound waves of the sound source into electrical energy (audio voltage), providing an initial audio signal for the electroacoustic system. If, during the process of picking up, the frequency in the sound source is lost or distorted due to the technical reasons of the microphone, the sound played through the speaker after the subsequent stages of the device is amplified is also an amplified frequency missing and distorted sound. Therefore, the microphone is a very critical part of the sound system.
2. The classification of the microphone and its application range There are many types of microphones, because there are different styles of performances on the stage. Such as symphony, folk music, popular music, rock music, the band is composed of stringed instruments, woodwinds, brass instruments, percussion instruments and other musical instruments; vocal music has beautiful style, ethnic style, popular songs, rock songs, etc., the style is different The singing characteristics are different and the sound quality is different. Therefore, it is impossible to pick up the best sound and the best sound quality of various sound sources in the world by using a microphone. The sound engineers have designed and manufactured microphones of various structures. Match a variety of different sources. Commonly used can be divided into the following.
1) Dynamic microphones Dynamic microphones are suitable for voice, popular song singing and high-quality instrument pickup.
2) Capacitive microphone The condenser microphone has high sensitivity, wide frequency response range, low distortion and low noise, and is suitable for the pickup of beautiful songs and stringed instruments.
3) Strong directional microphones Because the strong directional microphones are selective to the direction of the sound source, they are often used for the collection of operas, dramas, opera stage consoles and news interviews.
4) Pressure zone microphone (PZM microphone)
The microphone is placed in a reflective area by a microphone pole, and all sound waves are reflected by the reflecting surface into the pole of the microphone, so it is also called a reflective microphone. Since the various sound waves enter the pole of the microphone almost simultaneously, the distortion of the sparse waveform due to the multiple sound sources is eliminated.
The pressure zone microphone (PZM microphone) is suitable for the stage dance of the song and dance party and some instruments, such as piano, cello pickup and collective interview recording.
5) The electret microphone electret microphone is suitable for some medium and high musical instruments, such as flute, oboe, saxophone, sling, etc., as well as voice pickup.
6) Wireless Microphone The wireless microphone has three modes, which are similar to wired microphones.
(1) Dynamic microphones are suitable for the singing of hosts, pop songs and rock songs, as well as large-scale cultural performances.
(2) The lavalier wireless microphone is suitable for the main actors of the opera, drama, and opera art stage, and can also be applied to the essay art program.
(3) The combination mode of the ear microphone is suitable for the singing and dancing program of singing and dancing, which is convenient for the performance of actors.
3. Microphone selection and use skills 1. Sound source characteristics Various singing styles have their own characteristics, beautiful sounds are beautiful, national songs have ethnic flavors and local colors; popular songs express emotions; rock songs are passionate. In order to maintain and play the characteristics of their respective singing styles, it is necessary to select the microphone that best suits the singing style and characteristics to pick up the sound.
The reason why the beautiful sound is beautiful is because the singing of the beautiful sound songs has to undergo special vocal training. The methods of pronunciation, breath, and resonance are more scientific and reasonable, and the harmonics of the singing music are richer. Generally, there are more than a dozen overtones. The spectrum analyzer can measure the number of overtones of a certain tone of a song and the intensity (amplitude) of each overtone. The pitch and the apex of each overtone are connected to the tone. Spectrum curve. From the high point of the pitch amplitude and the apex of the last overtone, it becomes a straight line. According to Italian aesthetics, this line is the best line of beauty. The closer the spectrum curve is to the line of beauty, the more beautiful the tone, which is the physical property of the tone quality. The greater the number of overtones, the greater the amplitude of overtones, and the stronger the expressiveness of the timbre. The 1st to 6th overtones are called low frequency overtones, which are characterized by full, thick and solid sounds; the 7th to 12th overtones are called intermediate frequency overtones, which are round, harmonious and natural; the 13th to 18th overtones are called high frequency overtones. It is bright, clear and pure.
Different styles of vocal music have different frequency contents. The pitch rate of the male voice ranges from 64 to 523 Hz, while the pitch frequency of the female voice ranges from 160 to 1 080 Hz. The high frequency of the beautiful songs can reach 16 000 - 18 000 Hz. If a dynamic microphone is used to pick up the sound of a beautiful sound, the composition of the high-frequency overtone of the tone will be limited, which is determined by the structure of the dynamic microphone. The coil on the vibrating skeleton of the diaphragm of the dynamic microphone is made of metal copper wire. The copper has a certain weight, and it is necessary to induce the sound wave of 16,000-18,000 times per second to the microphone film. On the chip is very difficult. Because it overcomes the damping of the reciprocating motion with a large voice coil, the dynamic response of the dynamic microphone is within ±2 dB and is also around 14 000 Hz. If you use a dynamic microphone to pick up the sounds of the beautiful sounds, you will feel that the actors are full and unrestrained, the sound is very loud, but the quality of the sound is very poor, the personality of the sound and the color of the sound are lost. It is caused by the limitation of high frequency overtones.
When watching the singing of the songs, the layman listened to the excitement and saw that the actors sang very hard, and the actor gave a warm applause, and the actors were happy and satisfied. While listening to the doorway, I was very sorry to hear that the high-frequency sound was greatly damaged and lost the artistic expression of color. If you choose a condenser microphone to pick up the sound of the beautiful sound, you will get a very good tone performance, because the diaphragm of the condenser microphone is melted at high temperature with pure gold (999), sprayed on a high-strength resin film, diaphragm The mass is small, so the upper frequency response range can reach 20 kHz. Even if the high-frequency overtones of the Bel Canto songs reach 16 kHz and 18 kHz, the sound waves can vibrate the diaphragm without restriction, making the personality and color of the sounds perfect. Therefore, in some professional performances, commercial performances, artistic performances, condenser microphones should be used for pickup; if in entertainment performances, such as dance halls, nightclubs, parties or public performances and open-air performances, It is also permissible to use a high-end dynamic microphone for pickup when the tone quality level requirements are different.
2. Use of the microphone To improve the quality of the sound, the use of the microphone is very important. The first thing to do is to choose the best pickup distance between the mouth shape and the microphone.
The rock-and-roll style of rock-and-roll songs is characterized by passion, power, and boldness, so the volume is loud and dynamic, and the actor's mouth shape is close to the microphone, which is completely controlled by the singer's emotions. When the microphone is close to the mouth shape, it will generate a large signal and cause overload distortion. However, since the rock songs are not very strict on the tone color, this is also allowed, and the sound engineer cannot control it.
Popular songs are popular for picking up popular songs, that is, to sing intimately and to sing affectionately. When the microphone is close to the mouth, the tone is very friendly. Because the microphone is close to the mouth shape, the microphone picks up the direct sound, which brings the distance between the singer and the listener closer, so the intimacy is enhanced. When the microphone has a certain distance from the mouth, the sound of entering the microphone has a small amount except the direct sound. The reverberation sound adds a sense of space, enhances the fullness of the sound, and the sound is very affectionate. Therefore, the popular song singing should keep the microphone and mouth shape at 3-6 cm, which is the best sound pickup distance. For example, when Wei Wei was singing a song, he placed the microphone below the chin. The tone was both intimate and affectionate, and the microphone did not block the face, maintaining a perfect stage image and achieving a good voice. However, some young singers always put the microphone in a position close to the mouth, lest the microphone is far from the mouth, the sound is getting smaller, and the result is blocking half of the face, destroying the overall image. In fact, you don't have to worry about the volume getting smaller, because the sounder will raise the volume as soon as the finger pushes up on the (FADER) push-pull potentiometer. Therefore, it is necessary for the sound engineer to communicate with the singer before the performance, and inform the singer to grasp and maintain the correct distance between the microphone and the mouth according to the lyrics and the emotion of the music, in order to obtain the most ideal singing sound artistic effect and perfect stage image.
Picking up national songs Most folk singers have a good scorpion, so they have a good performance on the volume, and it is important to play the artistic expression of the timbre. To pick the best tone component through the microphone, keep the mouth shape at an appropriate distance from the microphone. Generally, it is better to control the distance of 5-10 cm according to the lyrics content and the emotion and intensity of the music. This will pick up the rich harmonics of the song. The low-frequency overtones are solid and rich; the mid-range overtones are round, harmonious and natural; the high-frequency overtones are full of expressiveness and rich colors, which enhances the artistic expression of the sound. Such as Peng Liyuan, Song Zuying, Yu Wenhua and other famous singers, the microphone is used well, so it has a perfect sound performance, and presents a complete stage art image. If you can make people feel that the song is sung by the actors, and the microphone seems to be nothing, this is the best realm for the sound system.
It is necessary for the sound engineer to establish a correct concept for the singer. The bigger the song, the better, but the better the sound. At the same time, it is recommended that the folk singer keep the microphone and mouth shape at an appropriate distance and choose the best sound range to ensure the quality of the sound. , presenting a perfect stage art image.
The host's voice is picked up as a professional host. It is generally specially trained, such as voice vocalization, voicing, resonance, breath, speech rate, rhythm, etc., are the basic skills of the host, so the volume of the host is not to worry. of. In order to achieve a good voice, the host's stage image becomes very important. At this point, the microphone can't be the main point on the screen. The optimal position of the microphone and mouth should be controlled below the face shape. To expose the complete face shape to maintain the perfect stage art image, the beautiful image should be used to attract the audience to listen to the conversation. Such as the famous host Chen Hao, Ni Ping, Li Wei, Yang Lan, etc., they all placed the microphone below the face when they hosted the program. But some young hosts often cover the microphone with half of their faces, destroying the beautiful image, especially when the host is not hosting a speech, but the microphone is still on the lips or on the chest. Above, the impression of people is very tense, especially in some of the more relaxed and entertaining programs. Everyone knows that when driving, you should hold the steering wheel with both hands and look straight ahead; while walking, you should hang your hands and swing naturally, and you won’t have to make a two-handed driving position. Similarly, when the host does not speak, he should put down the microphone, show his style, and build a beautiful stage image.
1. The importance of the microphone in the sound system The microphone is a transducer that converts the sound waves of the sound source into electrical energy (audio voltage), providing an initial audio signal for the electroacoustic system. If, during the process of picking up, the frequency in the sound source is lost or distorted due to the technical reasons of the microphone, the sound played through the speaker after the subsequent stages of the device is amplified is also an amplified frequency missing and distorted sound. Therefore, the microphone is a very critical part of the sound system.
2. The classification of the microphone and its application range There are many types of microphones, because there are different styles of performances on the stage. Such as symphony, folk music, popular music, rock music, the band is composed of stringed instruments, woodwinds, brass instruments, percussion instruments and other musical instruments; vocal music has beautiful style, ethnic style, popular songs, rock songs, etc., the style is different The singing characteristics are different and the sound quality is different. Therefore, it is impossible to pick up the best sound and the best sound quality of various sound sources in the world by using a microphone. The sound engineers have designed and manufactured microphones of various structures. Match a variety of different sources. Commonly used can be divided into the following.
1) Dynamic microphones Dynamic microphones are suitable for voice, popular song singing and high-quality instrument pickup.
2) Capacitive microphone The condenser microphone has high sensitivity, wide frequency response range, low distortion and low noise, and is suitable for the pickup of beautiful songs and stringed instruments.
3) Strong directional microphones Because the strong directional microphones are selective to the direction of the sound source, they are often used for the collection of operas, dramas, opera stage consoles and news interviews.
4) Pressure zone microphone (PZM microphone)
The microphone is placed in a reflective area by a microphone pole, and all sound waves are reflected by the reflecting surface into the pole of the microphone, so it is also called a reflective microphone. Since the various sound waves enter the pole of the microphone almost simultaneously, the distortion of the sparse waveform due to the multiple sound sources is eliminated.
The pressure zone microphone (PZM microphone) is suitable for the stage dance of the song and dance party and some instruments, such as piano, cello pickup and collective interview recording.
5) The electret microphone electret microphone is suitable for some medium and high musical instruments, such as flute, oboe, saxophone, sling, etc., as well as voice pickup.
6) Wireless Microphone The wireless microphone has three modes, which are similar to wired microphones.
(1) Dynamic microphones are suitable for the singing of hosts, pop songs and rock songs, as well as large-scale cultural performances.
(2) The lavalier wireless microphone is suitable for the main actors of the opera, drama, and opera art stage, and can also be applied to the essay art program.
(3) The combination mode of the ear microphone is suitable for the singing and dancing program of singing and dancing, which is convenient for the performance of actors.
3. Microphone selection and use skills 1. Sound source characteristics Various singing styles have their own characteristics, beautiful sounds are beautiful, national songs have ethnic flavors and local colors; popular songs express emotions; rock songs are passionate. In order to maintain and play the characteristics of their respective singing styles, it is necessary to select the microphone that best suits the singing style and characteristics to pick up the sound.
The reason why the beautiful sound is beautiful is because the singing of the beautiful sound songs has to undergo special vocal training. The methods of pronunciation, breath, and resonance are more scientific and reasonable, and the harmonics of the singing music are richer. Generally, there are more than a dozen overtones. The spectrum analyzer can measure the number of overtones of a certain tone of a song and the intensity (amplitude) of each overtone. The pitch and the apex of each overtone are connected to the tone. Spectrum curve. From the high point of the pitch amplitude and the apex of the last overtone, it becomes a straight line. According to Italian aesthetics, this line is the best line of beauty. The closer the spectrum curve is to the line of beauty, the more beautiful the tone, which is the physical property of the tone quality. The greater the number of overtones, the greater the amplitude of overtones, and the stronger the expressiveness of the timbre. The 1st to 6th overtones are called low frequency overtones, which are characterized by full, thick and solid sounds; the 7th to 12th overtones are called intermediate frequency overtones, which are round, harmonious and natural; the 13th to 18th overtones are called high frequency overtones. It is bright, clear and pure.
Different styles of vocal music have different frequency contents. The pitch rate of the male voice ranges from 64 to 523 Hz, while the pitch frequency of the female voice ranges from 160 to 1 080 Hz. The high frequency of the beautiful songs can reach 16 000 - 18 000 Hz. If a dynamic microphone is used to pick up the sound of a beautiful sound, the composition of the high-frequency overtone of the tone will be limited, which is determined by the structure of the dynamic microphone. The coil on the vibrating skeleton of the diaphragm of the dynamic microphone is made of metal copper wire. The copper has a certain weight, and it is necessary to induce the sound wave of 16,000-18,000 times per second to the microphone film. On the chip is very difficult. Because it overcomes the damping of the reciprocating motion with a large voice coil, the dynamic response of the dynamic microphone is within ±2 dB and is also around 14 000 Hz. If you use a dynamic microphone to pick up the sounds of the beautiful sounds, you will feel that the actors are full and unrestrained, the sound is very loud, but the quality of the sound is very poor, the personality of the sound and the color of the sound are lost. It is caused by the limitation of high frequency overtones.
When watching the singing of the songs, the layman listened to the excitement and saw that the actors sang very hard, and the actor gave a warm applause, and the actors were happy and satisfied. While listening to the doorway, I was very sorry to hear that the high-frequency sound was greatly damaged and lost the artistic expression of color. If you choose a condenser microphone to pick up the sound of the beautiful sound, you will get a very good tone performance, because the diaphragm of the condenser microphone is melted at high temperature with pure gold (999), sprayed on a high-strength resin film, diaphragm The mass is small, so the upper frequency response range can reach 20 kHz. Even if the high-frequency overtones of the Bel Canto songs reach 16 kHz and 18 kHz, the sound waves can vibrate the diaphragm without restriction, making the personality and color of the sounds perfect. Therefore, in some professional performances, commercial performances, artistic performances, condenser microphones should be used for pickup; if in entertainment performances, such as dance halls, nightclubs, parties or public performances and open-air performances, It is also permissible to use a high-end dynamic microphone for pickup when the tone quality level requirements are different.
2. Use of the microphone To improve the quality of the sound, the use of the microphone is very important. The first thing to do is to choose the best pickup distance between the mouth shape and the microphone.
The rock-and-roll style of rock-and-roll songs is characterized by passion, power, and boldness, so the volume is loud and dynamic, and the actor's mouth shape is close to the microphone, which is completely controlled by the singer's emotions. When the microphone is close to the mouth shape, it will generate a large signal and cause overload distortion. However, since the rock songs are not very strict on the tone color, this is also allowed, and the sound engineer cannot control it.
Popular songs are popular for picking up popular songs, that is, to sing intimately and to sing affectionately. When the microphone is close to the mouth, the tone is very friendly. Because the microphone is close to the mouth shape, the microphone picks up the direct sound, which brings the distance between the singer and the listener closer, so the intimacy is enhanced. When the microphone has a certain distance from the mouth, the sound of entering the microphone has a small amount except the direct sound. The reverberation sound adds a sense of space, enhances the fullness of the sound, and the sound is very affectionate. Therefore, the popular song singing should keep the microphone and mouth shape at 3-6 cm, which is the best sound pickup distance. For example, when Wei Wei was singing a song, he placed the microphone below the chin. The tone was both intimate and affectionate, and the microphone did not block the face, maintaining a perfect stage image and achieving a good voice. However, some young singers always put the microphone in a position close to the mouth, lest the microphone is far from the mouth, the sound is getting smaller, and the result is blocking half of the face, destroying the overall image. In fact, you don't have to worry about the volume getting smaller, because the sounder will raise the volume as soon as the finger pushes up on the (FADER) push-pull potentiometer. Therefore, it is necessary for the sound engineer to communicate with the singer before the performance, and inform the singer to grasp and maintain the correct distance between the microphone and the mouth according to the lyrics and the emotion of the music, in order to obtain the most ideal singing sound artistic effect and perfect stage image.
Picking up national songs Most folk singers have a good scorpion, so they have a good performance on the volume, and it is important to play the artistic expression of the timbre. To pick the best tone component through the microphone, keep the mouth shape at an appropriate distance from the microphone. Generally, it is better to control the distance of 5-10 cm according to the lyrics content and the emotion and intensity of the music. This will pick up the rich harmonics of the song. The low-frequency overtones are solid and rich; the mid-range overtones are round, harmonious and natural; the high-frequency overtones are full of expressiveness and rich colors, which enhances the artistic expression of the sound. Such as Peng Liyuan, Song Zuying, Yu Wenhua and other famous singers, the microphone is used well, so it has a perfect sound performance, and presents a complete stage art image. If you can make people feel that the song is sung by the actors, and the microphone seems to be nothing, this is the best realm for the sound system.
It is necessary for the sound engineer to establish a correct concept for the singer. The bigger the song, the better, but the better the sound. At the same time, it is recommended that the folk singer keep the microphone and mouth shape at an appropriate distance and choose the best sound range to ensure the quality of the sound. , presenting a perfect stage art image.
The host's voice is picked up as a professional host. It is generally specially trained, such as voice vocalization, voicing, resonance, breath, speech rate, rhythm, etc., are the basic skills of the host, so the volume of the host is not to worry. of. In order to achieve a good voice, the host's stage image becomes very important. At this point, the microphone can't be the main point on the screen. The optimal position of the microphone and mouth should be controlled below the face shape. To expose the complete face shape to maintain the perfect stage art image, the beautiful image should be used to attract the audience to listen to the conversation. Such as the famous host Chen Hao, Ni Ping, Li Wei, Yang Lan, etc., they all placed the microphone below the face when they hosted the program. But some young hosts often cover the microphone with half of their faces, destroying the beautiful image, especially when the host is not hosting a speech, but the microphone is still on the lips or on the chest. Above, the impression of people is very tense, especially in some of the more relaxed and entertaining programs. Everyone knows that when driving, you should hold the steering wheel with both hands and look straight ahead; while walking, you should hang your hands and swing naturally, and you won’t have to make a two-handed driving position. Similarly, when the host does not speak, he should put down the microphone, show his style, and build a beautiful stage image.
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