The National Grid Pavilion located in the Puxi Campus of the Shanghai World Expo has become the concentrated display area of ​​China's future smart grid dream. In addition to the excitement of the exhibition hall, the smart grid demonstration project has been quietly rolled out in Shanghai during the Expo year. The opening of a series of major projects not only marks Shanghai becoming the world's largest "green city", but also means that Shanghai will take the lead in the global strategic emerging industry of smart grids. - Shanghai World Expo becomes the first full-scale smart grid demonstration area
The smart grid is a new generation of power system that is highly integrated with the traditional sensing technology, communication technology, computer technology, control technology, and new material technology. It can realize comprehensive monitoring of the power system and intelligentization of information and power. Unified management. The transformation of traditional power grids into a new generation of safe, efficient, environmentally friendly power grids and the formation of new industries is an important way for the country’s economic transformation and is seen as an important driving force for countries to reshape the economic and energy structure.
The first smart grid demonstration project in China has been put into operation at the Shanghai World Expo Park and the entire Expo site has been built into a smart grid. The demonstration project includes access to new energy (Donghai Bridge offshore wind farm, Chongming solar photovoltaic, solar photovoltaic at Expo pavilion), energy storage system, smart substation, distribution automation, TCM, power quality monitoring, and There are 9 sub-projects, including electrical information collection, smart power buildings and smart homes, and charging and discharging of electric vehicles and network access.
Although the smart grid is a concentrated display at the Expo, the technologies and projects it contains have already represented the development direction of China's smart grid. Including the 650Ah sodium-sulfur battery with the world's largest monomer capacity, the first electric vehicle charging and discharging station in China, the first failure management system (TCM) in China's power industry, and the East China Sea Bridge offshore wind farm (100MW) (the first in Asia On-grid offshore wind power projects), Qianwei Village Photovoltaic Power Station (1MW), Shanghai (Chongqing, China's first PV grid demonstration project), etc.
Behind multiple "firsts", it can also reflect the basic structure and framework of China's autonomous smart grid development: If smart electricity meters are used to achieve intelligent electricity consumption information collection, not only can automatic meter reading be achieved, but also residents can use it rationally. Electricity price leverage adjustment electricity plan. Distribution network automation can realize more intelligent power distribution and further optimize the configuration of power resources. The grid energy monitoring system enables real-time monitoring, evaluation and management of power quality. The dispatch system can realize the preferential use of “green energy†such as new energy, wind power, and hydropower, and automatically remove the fault and have a self-healing function. The energy storage system will solve the predicament that the past energy could not be stored, achieve peak-to-peak filling, stabilize the energy quality of intermittent energy, and provide emergency power. The application of electric vehicles is through the V2G (Vehicle-to-grid) electric vehicle charging station, which forms a bi-directional function capable of charging and discharging between the smart grid and the electric vehicle. This will not only promote the future automobile's dependence on petrochemical resources, but also reduce emissions, and it will also make vehicles more efficient. An energy storage device that moves as a smart grid.
- Focus on the four major issues of the smart grid
There are four key points in the future of smart grid development in China:
The first is "green electricity." The development of smart grids in China depends on the development of clean energy. Hydropower, wind power, and solar photovoltaic power generation are the key factors for future access to smart grids, optimization of the country’s energy structure, and reduction of pollution emissions. In particular, the recently launched world's first UHV Xiangjiaba-Shanghai ±800 kV DC power transmission demonstration project not only delivered southwest “green power†to the east, but also represented the foundation for China’s construction of a strong smart grid.
The second is the charging and discharging technology of electric vehicles. In the northeastern corner of the Expo National Grid Museum, V2G, the world's most advanced charging and discharging technology for electric vehicles, has begun to be applied. It enables electric vehicles to interact with the grid, which means that electricity can be transmitted to each other. Through this design concept, when a large number of electric vehicles are used in the future, electric vehicles will become the numerous mobile energy storage devices of the smart grid, which can be used to transfer electric energy back to the grid at any time to support the peak load of urban electricity consumption, thereby greatly reducing the generation capacity. Investment, reduce energy consumption. The use of price levers for day and night power spreads makes it possible for such smart grids to interact with electric vehicles.
The third is energy storage battery technology. Due to the characteristics of instantaneous and seasonal changes in electrical energy, grasping the electrical energy storage method is the key to building a smart grid. At present, after years of research, the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shanghai Electric Power Company have completed the research and development of high-capacity city-network energy storage sodium-sulfur batteries, and built a 2 MW pilot production demonstration line and a set of 10 kW. The energy storage system demonstration device has successfully completed the first charge-discharge of the 2.2-kilowatt sodium-sulfur battery submodule, making China the second country in the world after Japan to master the core technology of large-capacity sodium-sulfur cell batteries.
The fourth is smart home. There is a Smart Grid Demonstration Zone in the Shanghai World Expo, which has already enjoyed the convenience brought by the smart grid. These users have used new technologies and new materials such as low-voltage optical fibers and smart meters to enable "multi-network convergence" of power lines, telephone lines, Internet lines and cable television lines.
-- Great potential for the development of smart grid Shanghai will try first
Liu Zhenya, general manager of the State Grid, said that due to differences in national conditions and basic conditions in different countries, the development of smart grids are not the same approach and focus. China's energy structure is dominated by coal, and its oil and gas resources are relatively poor. At present, per capita energy consumption is also low. Accelerating the development of clean energy such as hydropower, wind power, nuclear power, and solar energy is crucial for securing energy security, reliable power supply, and improving energy structure. At the same time, the overall distribution of energy resources and productivity is reversed. More than three-quarters of coal, hydropower and wind energy and solar energy resources are distributed in the north, west, and southwest regions, while more than two-thirds of the energy demand is concentrated in the eastern and central regions. The distance between major load centers and large-scale energy bases is generally 800-3000 km.
Therefore, the development of China's power grid must be based on the full play of the important role of the power grid in the comprehensive energy transportation system, based on a strong network structure and a strong resource allocation capability, in order to meet the needs of economic and social development. Otherwise, not only the security of the power grid is not guaranteed, but also the situation in which coal and electricity are transported is difficult to resolve from the root.
According to the plan, by 2020, a nationwide strong smart grid will be basically completed. By then, China's clean energy installed capacity will reach 600 million kilowatts, accounting for about 35% of the country's total installed capacity, and the power generation will account for about 27% of the total power generation.
The reporter learned that China's strong smart grid technical standards are divided into three steps: The first phase, from 2009 to 2010, establishes a system framework and guarantees pilot projects. The preliminarily formed a strong smart grid technology standard system framework and focused on the development/revision of the technical standards required for pilot projects. In the second phase, 2011-2015, a sound standard system was established to support comprehensive construction. Rolling revision of existing standards, supplementing the development of required standards, basically building a strong smart grid technology standard system, and focusing on advancing the internationalization of smart grid standards in advantageous areas. The third phase, from 2016 to 2020, will improve the standard system and raise the international level. Optimize and improve the strong smart grid technology standard system, comprehensively promote the internationalization of strong smart grid standards, and enhance the international standards of strong smart grid standards.
With the demonstration effect of the World Expo, Shanghai has taken the lead in becoming a smart grid demonstration area and will further accelerate its development in the future. Recently, the Shanghai Municipal Government and the State Grid Corporation of China signed the "Smart Grid Cooperation Strategic Cooperation Agreement." Both parties will accelerate the construction of the Shanghai Smart Grid Research and Development Center of the State Grid Corporation of China, accelerate the construction of electric vehicle charging facilities, and promote the construction of electric fiber facilities. The development of network integration, the promotion of industrialization of sodium-sulfur batteries, further expansion and improvement of smart grid demonstration applications, etc. Shanghai has taken the lead in formulating the Action Plan for Promoting Smart Grid Industry Development (2010-2012). Based on autonomy and focusing on industrialization, China will be the first to establish three major bases for smart grids, namely smart grid function demonstration application bases, smart grid key technology research and development bases, and smart grid core equipment industry bases. By 2012, we will strive to cultivate 3-5 leading companies in the smart grid industry and form a competitive smart grid industry cluster with an industrial scale of about 50 billion yuan.